A. D. 1296. j^6t 



•ar in the larger gallies, which were thence called terzaroli *. [Snnuto, 

 apiid Bongnrs. V. ii, p. 57.] Probably the Polos, who had juft returned 

 from the Oriental feas where they had feen even four men on an oar, 

 may have fuggefled this augmentation of force upon the oars of the 

 gallies. 



1297 — ^In confideration of an alliance againft France, and of two 

 political marriages between the families of Edward king of England and 

 Guy earl (or cuens) of Flanders, the later obtained a very favourable 

 commercial treaty, whereby his fubjeds were permitted to carry wool 

 and other merchandize from Edward's dominions of England, Ireland, 

 Scotland, and Wales, as freely as the Lombard, or even Englifli, mer- 

 chants. Guy even had intereft to procure commercial favours in Ed- 

 ward's dominions for the merchants of Spain and Portugal, fome of 

 whom were immediately accufed of piratically feizing two veflels be- 

 longing to King Edward's city of Bayonne f . In one of the many 

 treaties between England and Flanders it was agreed, that all the veflels 

 belonging to King Edward's Britifli or French dominions fhould carry 

 his arms in their colours, and thofe of the earl's territories fhould in 

 like manner carry his : and all veflels fliould have letters patent, fealed 

 with the common feals of the towns to which they belonged, teftifying 

 that they really belonged to fuch towns. This is probably the earlieft 

 notice of national colours and Ihip's papers (as they are now called) to 

 be found in Englifli records :{:. [Foedera, V. n, pp. 737-765.] 



September 15'" King Edward levied an eight part of the property 



of all the laymen throughout the kingdom for the fupport of his war 

 with France : and in return, he renewed, or confirmed, the Great charter 

 of the liberties of England and the Charter of the liberties of the forefl: §. 

 {Fcedera, V. ii, p. 793 — Statut. 25 Edw. /.] 



Odober i o"" — The parliament had granted the king an additional' 

 duty of forty {hillings upon every fack of wool, and five marks upon 

 every laft of hides, to be exported, during two years, or three years if 

 the war fhould lafh fo long. But the impofition was apparently found 



* This word has apparently led fome of the eiifigns and arms of the fovereigns, mentioned as 



later Italian writers to aflert, that trlreniis in an- things in common ufe. Some time before March- 



ticnt times fignified a veffcl with three men to I'^IJ the people remaining onboard a vcffel of 



every oar (whereas the antient veflels never had Bayonne, which iiad been taken by fome Flemifh 



more than one to an oai) and to apply that an- and Scottifh cruifers, and abandoned by them on- 



tient term to modern gallies ; a licence utterly fub- the appearance of an Englilli fleet, hoilled the- 



verfive of the meaning of language. royal llandard of England at their .vuijl head as 



\ Perhaps the letter of marque, granted in the feeking tlieir protection, and they were according-- 



year 1295 to a merchant of Bayonne, was now re- !y carried i.ito Yarmuulh. [_Ftedera, V. :ii,/i. 509.] 

 called or forgotten, the merchant being rcimburfed, 5 The Magna charta was repeatedly coiitirmed. 



or his Inttieft not attended to. in the remaining part of Edward's reign. See- 



\ Tl'.e diftingnilhing banners, &c. iifed in the Blackjione's H'ljhry of the charters. But neither 



fleet of Riciiard I, fecm co have been tiiofe of the thofe confirmations, nor the frequent in.pofitions- 



military cummandcrs, and they -were Jet up vpon of the taxes called aids, need, to be mentioned !a-> 



fpau-s. But ill th; year 1308 we fha.ll tinJ C.'i'l- this work, 

 ian colours and Portuguefe colouis, bearing liis 



