yoo A. D. 1482. 



or wind mills, but only by hand mills, corn fields ought to be dug rather 

 than ploughed, heavy loads ought to be carried by men rather than 

 drawn by horfes in carts or waggons, and all canals ought to be de- 

 ft royed. 



March 9"" — King Edward entered into a treaty with the inhabitants 

 of Guipufcoa in Spain * (they having the confent of their fovereigns 

 Ferdinand and Ifabella) wherein, befides mutual freedom of trade, and 

 fecurity to be given for the friendly condu6l of vellels on both fides be- 

 fore their failing, it was fi:ipulated, that, in cafe of letters of reprifat 

 being ifilied by the kings of England or Spain, the Guipufcoans fiiould 

 not be injured by the Englifh cruifers, and they Ihould permit no 

 Spanifh letters of reprilal againfi: the Englifti to be put in force in their 

 province. {^Fcedern, V. xii,^. 148.] 



Augufl 4''' — When King Edward was preparing for an invafion of 

 France in the year 1474, he concluded a treaty with James king of Scot- 

 land for a marriage of their infant children ; and fo defirous was he of 

 being on friendly terms with that prince, that he agreed to pay his 

 daughter's portion by infl:allments to commence immediately, and ac- 

 tually made feveral payments. It was, however, ftipulated, that, if the 

 marriage fiiould not be accompliftied, the money advanced fiiould be 

 reftored. Anew fyftem of politics having induced Edward to break with 

 Scotland, the provoft, fellowfliip of merchants, and community, of Edin- 

 burgh f , in confequence of his declaration, that he did not chufe to com- 

 plete the marriage, now bound themfelves and all their property, at 

 home or abroad, for the return of the money. [Foedera, V. xi, p. 824; 

 F'. xii, pp. 161, 165, 167.] It was probably this large and patriotic pay- 

 ment made by the citizens, that induced the contemporary hiftorian of 

 Croyland [ap. Go/e,p. S^2'\ to call Edinburgh a very opulent town. But, 

 though the merchants were evidently engaged in foreign trade, and had 

 property configned in foreign countries, its opulence was probably much 

 inferior to that of fome of the maritime villages (or burghs of barony) 

 at no great diftance from it in the prefent day. From this time, however, 

 Edinburgh continued to improve with a flow, but gradual progrefs till 

 the year 1603, when it loft the advantages flowing from the preience of 

 the fovereign. 



September 1 2''' — King Edward confirmed the exifting treaty, or truce, 

 with tlie king of Portugal. The Portuguefe ambafiadors requefled him 

 to prohibit John Tintam and William Fabian, who were fitting out fliips, 

 at the defire of the Spanifli duke of Medina Sidonia, for the coaft of 

 Guinea, from proceeding on the voyage, as their fovereign, the lord of 



• Wc have nlready fecn an inftancc In the year Edinburgh is called firov^ as at prefent, and not 



1351 of the people of the north coaft of Spain tn- alderman as in the lailier ages, liht: felloii'Jhifi of 



tcring into a treaty for themfelves. mcrclianls is now called the merchant company. 



f In the obligation, &c. the chief magiftrate of 



