Preface 



The present book is the third of a series intended to render more 

 familiar and usable the plants of the important or interesting groups 

 found in the State. It is less technical than "Minnesota Algae", 

 though more technical than "Minnesota Mushrooms", but it is hoped 

 that the abundant illustrations will made the book as useful to the 

 layman as to teachers and students of botany, to foresters and others. 

 All of the native woody species known with certainty to occur within 

 the State have been included, while a few hitherto reported have been 

 omitted owing to the lack of specimens or other authentic evidence 

 of their occurrence. In the desire to make the book as helpful as 

 possible, a few herbaceous species which resemble shrubs closely have 

 also been included. It has naturally been impossible to take into 

 account all of the rare exotic trees and shrubs grown in the State. 

 Some effort has been made to discover which of these occur in at 

 least three places, and all such cultivated species have been described. 



The descriptions have been drawn largely, and in some groups 

 wholly, from Minnesota material contained in the Herbarium of the 

 University. In addition, fresh material has also been used in certain 

 groups, particularly for the drawings. The latter have likewise been 

 made chiefly from Minnesota specimens, though a few have neces- 

 sarily been borrowed from Sargent's "Silva", Britton and Brown's 

 "Illustrated Flora" and Bailey's "Cyclopaedia of Horticulture". The 

 drawings have been made to scale and, except where indicated, they 

 are natural size. A number of drawings were made by Professors 

 Rosendahl and Butters, and a few by Miss Misz and Miss Jensen of 

 the departmental staff. The majority of the drawings were made by 

 advanced students in botany under the supervision of the respective 

 authors. The half tones have been made from photographs taken by 

 various members of the Botanical Survey from time to time. The 

 Minnesota ranges of the species have been taken from the compre- 

 hensive unpublished catalogue of the flora of the State, prepared 

 several years ago by the botanical staff from many sources, Upham's 

 ""Catalogue", MacMillan's "Metaspermae", etc. The continental 



