PINUS 33 



mental and does well in parts of the State where the late summers and 

 autumns are not too dry. It flourishes in the soil of our hard wood 

 regions better than any other pine. 



Pinus resinosa A i t o n 1789 Red Fine, Norway Pine 



A forest tree 24-30 m. (80-100 ft.) high, with a straight trunk 3-5 ft. 

 in diameter, which extends to the crown of the tree ; branches of young 

 trees nearly horizontal, whorled, in old trees forming a rounded crown; 

 bark reddish brown, thin, on the older branches and trunk forming broad 

 flat scales; leaves in pairs, each pair surrounded at the base by a persis- 

 tent scaly sheath, leaves slender, soft, 8-15 cm. long, semicircular in 

 section, minutely serrate ; cones rounded, about 5 cm. long, and when 

 open nearly as broad, standing straight out from the stem, cone scales 

 woody, thickened at the tips, the exposed part diamond-shaped with a 

 scar in the center ; seeds dark, winged, escaping from the ripe cone : 

 resinosa, resinous, not particularly appropriate to this pine. 



Usually in sandy soil, avoiding rich calcareous soils, Newfoundland 

 to western Ontario, south to Pennsylvania, Michigan and Minnesota. In 

 Minnesota found only in the coniferous forests of the northern and 

 northeastern parts of the state, where it originally formed almost pure 

 forests over large areas. Flowers in May, cones ripening the second 

 autumn. 



Much used for timber though not considered as valuable as the Avhite 

 pine. Wood pale reddish, hard, fine grained, not strong, weight 30 lb. 



Finus silvestris Linne 1753 Scotch Fine, Scotch Fir 



A tree up to 30 m. (100 ft.) high, with a straight trunk, but in this- 

 state seldom over 10 m. or 15 m. and often irregular, straggling and 

 somewhat shrubby; branches irregular, bark reddish brown and smooth 

 above, becoming grayish and scaly on the older trunks; leaves in clusters 

 of two, bluish green, 3-8 cm. long, with a basal sheath 5-8 mm. long, 

 wrinkled transversely and rough ; cones small, 5-8 cm. long, yellow 

 brown, usually in clusters of two or three, nearly sessile, horizontal or 

 bent backward along the branch, cone-scales thin, woody, ending in a 

 four-sided boss which in young cones bears a short weak spine in the 

 middle. This may persist in the mature cone but often disappears r 

 silvestris, relating to the forest. 



Cultivated, native of Europe and of western Asia. Occasionally 

 planted for ornament ; it is entirely hardy but seldom in this region forms, 

 anything but a small straggling tree with very little beauty. 



