38 PINE FAMILY 



Wood light brown, coarse, brittle, weak, durable, weight 20 pounds, 

 the lightest wood of the northeastern states; much used for posts, 

 telegraph poles, and shingles. 



Sabina A n t o i n e 1857 Savin, Red Cedar 

 (From classic L. h e r b a 5 a b i n a, the Sabine plant.) 



Trees or shrubs with fibrous bark and fragrant wood; leaves opposite 

 or in whorls of three, scale-like and adhering to the twigs on mature 

 branches, often needle-like on young plants or fast growing shoots ; 

 flowers dioecious, terminal on short leaf-bearing shoots, the staminate 

 with several pairs (or whorls) of peltate stamens, each bearing 2-6 pollen 

 sacs; pistillate flowers terminating short branches, consisting of several 

 pairs (or whorls) of minute scales, bearing the paired ovules in their 

 axils; fruit fleshy, formed of several concrescent pairs (or whorls) of 

 scales. 



About 20 species of the northern temperate regions, about one third 

 of which are natives of the western United States. A genus frequently 

 united with Juniperus with which it agrees in the berry-like character 

 of the cone, but from which it differs both in the intimate structure of 

 the C( ne and in vegetative characters. 



Sabina virginiana (Linne) Antoine 1857 Red Cedar, Savin 

 Juniperus virginiana Linne 1753 



Tree, in this state rarely over thirty feet high, when well grown with 

 a straight trunk, and a broad conical head, often distorted or even a 

 straggling irregular upright shrub; mature twigs covered with scale like 

 opposite triangular leaves, 1-2 mm. long, but on young trees, rapidly 

 growing shoots, or occasionally on whole trees the leaves spreading, awl- 

 shaped, 8 mm. long, opposite or sometimes in whorls of three, decurrent 

 and not jointed at the base; fruit subglobose, borne on a straight scaly 

 stalk, maturing the first season, dark blue and fleshy and much eaten by 

 birds which distribute their seeds: virginiana, Virginian, applied at 

 an early date to many American plants. 



Dry, gravelly, usually calcareous soil, Nova Scotia to eastern Dakota, 

 south to Georgia and Texas. In Minnesota throughout the state except 

 the northeast corner, most abundant in the south and east along the river 

 bluffs. Flowers in May, fruit ripe the autumn of the same year. 



