40 PINE FAMILY 



Sabina horizontalis (Monch) Dwarf Savin 

 Sabina prostrata ( Persoon) Antoine 1857 

 Juniperus Sabina var. procumbens Pnrsh 1814 



Prostrate evergreen shrub often spreading over a considerable area ; 

 foliage strong smelling, leaves bluish-green, scale-like, triangular, or on 

 young, strong growing shoots, awl-shaped; fruit on a short, recurved, 

 scaly stalk, oval or irregular, dark blue, fleshy, ripening during the 

 second summer : horizontalis, horizontal. 



Dry rocky slopes, Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to New 

 England, New York, the south end of Lake Michigan, Minnesota, and in 

 the mountains to Colorado; also in Asia. In Minnesota abundant in the 

 extreme north, less common southward, rare and local in the southeast 

 corner of the state. Flowers in May, fruit ripe in midsummer of the 

 following year. 



This form has been confused with the savin in Europe (Sabina offic- 

 inalis Garcke, Juniperus Sabina L.), which is distinguished by its more 

 erect habit and by blunter, more closely appressed leaves. The twigs of 

 the European form are used medicinally on account of the irritating 

 volatile oil they contain. The American form contains the same oil and 

 has presumably the same medical action. 



Juniperus L inne 1753 Juniper 

 (J u n i p e r u s. the classical Latin name) 



Evergreen trees or shrubs with fibrous bark; leaves in whorls of 3, 

 needle- or awl-like, spreading; flowers dioecious, the shuninate with 

 several whorls of peltate stamens each bearing three to four pollen sacs, 

 pistillate axillary, consisting of several whorls of scales with a single 

 whorl of terminal ovules alternating with the uppermost scales ; fruit 

 fleshy, formed of the concrescent scales of the uppermost whorl. 



A genus of about 10 species, mostly of the Old World; often con- 

 sidered to embrace also the genus Sabina. 



Juniperus communis L inne 1753 Common Juniper 



A small tree, or in this state, an erect struggling shrub, or more fre- 

 quently a depressed shrub with long prostrate branches turning up at the 

 end to form a thick, dense mat: bark thin, brown, forming papery stales; 

 leaves in threes, needle- or awl like. 10-20 nun. long, jointed at the base: 

 flowers in the axils of the younger leaves, opening in the spring; fruit 

 blue, spherical, about 10 mm. in diameter, fleshy and sweet, ripening in 



