76 ELM FAMILY 



Wood close-grained, compart, hard, durable, splitting with difficulty, 

 weight 45 lbs. to the cubic ft.; drier and more valuable than that of the 

 white elm; used for agricultural implements, mowers, plows, reapers 

 threshers, for beams, bicycle rims, boat-building, bridge timbers, chairs, 

 coach-building, hubs, piles, sills, ties and wheels; superior to hickory for 

 ax handles; used wherever toughness, solidity, flexibility, and durability 

 are required. 



Ulmus americana L i n n e 1753 American Elm, White Elm 



Large tree, 40-75 ft. high, 1-4 ft. diam. ; bark moderately rough, 

 with broad flattened ridges on the trunk, often separating in scales ; 

 leaves elliptic to ovate, doubly toothed, tip 1-2 cm. long, base very oblique 

 on one side, rounded on the other, rough above, more or less short-hairy 

 beneath, veins prominent, laterals 25-35, 7-12 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide. 

 petioles hairy to smooth, 1 cm. long; Mowers in clusters of 10-12; fruit 

 elliptical to oval or almost round, tips curved together, smooth and 

 veiny on the surfaces, densely hairy at the edge, 1-1^ cm. long. 



Common on lowlands and along banks of streams, throughout the 

 state, especially abundant in the "Big Woods"; Newfoundland-Fla-Tex- 

 I )ak-Saskatchewan. 



Wood rather coarse-grained, compact, hard, tough, strong, splitting 

 with difficulty, weight 40.5 lbs.; used for agricultural implements, boat 

 and ship-building, cooperage, flooring, flumes, hubs, saddle trees and tool 

 handles; bark used by the Indians for canoes and houses; inner bark 

 formerly used for ropes. 



Ulmus campestris L in n e 1753 English Elm 



Tall tree, 40-75 ft. high, 1-3 ft. diam.; bark dark and ridged, divided 

 into irregular squires; leaves oblong-ovate to ovate, the margin doubly 

 toothed, tip 1-2 cm. long, coarsely saw-toothed, base oblique, soft and 

 somewhat hairy above, smooth beneath, 6-12 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, 

 petioles hairy, short, l / 2 -\ cm. long; fruit elliptic to rounded, smooth 

 throughout, somewhat veiny. \ x /% to 2 cm. long; campestris, of a 

 field, in allusion to the habitat. 



Rarely cultivated; native of Europe. 



Wood fine-grained, hard, heavy, durable under water; used for hubs, 

 piles, pumps, ship-blocks, and water pipes. 



