102 HEATH FAMILY 



Vaccinium pennsylvanicum var. nigrum \Y o o d 1873 



Differs from the species in having thicker leaves, glaucous below, and 

 black berries. 



The same general range as the species, but not extending so far north 

 and west. In Minnesota less abundant than the typical form of the 

 species, more abundant northwards. 



Vaccinium canadense K a 1 111 1823 Blueberry 



Low upright shrub; stems 2-6 dm. high, greenish brown, finely warty 

 and densely woolly pubescent ; leaves deciduous, thin, lanceolate or ovate, 

 bright green, hairy below and along the veins above, margin entire, tip 

 acute to rounded, base broadly wedge-shaped or rounded, leaves 15-35 

 mm. long, 7-15 mm. wide, petioles about 1 mm. long; flowers in terminal 

 or lateral few-flowered racemes from scaly winter buds, opening with 

 the leaves; bracts lanceolate, early deciduous, pedicels 2-5 mm. long, 

 sepals 5, their free tips triangular, acute, about 1.5 mm. long, corolla of 

 5 petals, united nearly to the tips, white streaked with pink, narrow bell- 

 shaped, or somewhat constricted at the throat, about 4 mm. long, free 

 tips of the petals about 1 mm. long, not spreading, stamens 10, included 

 in the corolla, filaments hairy, about as long as the anthers, anthers without 

 awns, the sacs prolonged upwards into tubes with terminal pores, style not 

 exserted; berry 10-celled, blue with a bloom, sweet and edible: 

 canadense, Canadian. 



Dry sandy soil or more moist soil, often in oak woods; Labrador to 

 Manitoba, south to Pennsylvania, Illinois and Minnesota. In Minnesota 

 in the northern part of the state and in the eastern part as far south as 

 Minneapolis, less abundant than V. pennsylvanicum. Flowers in 

 'May and June, fruit ripe in August. 



Vaccinium Vitis-idaea L i n 11 e 1753 var. minus Loddiges, 

 Mountain Cranberry 



Dwarf matted shrub, stems creeping, upright branches stiff, 2-15 cm. 

 high, about 1 mm. in diameter; leaves evergreen, leathery, broad elliptical, 

 upper side dark green, glossy, lower pale and with more or less black 

 bristly dots, margin entire or finely crenate, revolute, tip rounded or 

 indented, base wedge-shaped, leaves 5-18 mm. long, 3-9 mm. wide, petioles 

 about 2 mm. long; flowers in terminal racemes from scaly winter buds, 

 bracts thin, ovate, about 3 mm. long, green or reddish, pedicels about 



