108 OLIVE FAMILY 



A genus of about forty species, 12 of which are natives of the United 

 States. 



Key to the Species 



1. Lateral leaflets stalked 



a. Twigs round 



(1) Twigs and leaves velvety-hairy F. pennsilvanica 



(2) Twigs and leaves smooth, at least above 



(a) Leaves pale below; wing of fruit 



terminal /-'. a in erica na 



(b) Leaves green below; wing extending 



along the sides F. lanceolata 



b. Twigs square or 4-angled F. quadrangulata 



2. Lateral leaflets not stalked F. nigra 



Fraxinus pennsilvanica Marshall 1785 Red Ash 



Tree, 30-60 ft. high, 1-2 ft. diam. ; bark brown with shallow furrows, 

 the ridges somewhat scaly, twigs hairy; leaves velvety-hairy or woolly. 

 of 5-9 leaflets, 2-5 dcm. long, leaflets ovate-lanceolate to ovate, somewhat 

 coarsely and sharply toothed, tip pointed, base more or less rounded, 

 sparsely hairy or smooth above, coarsely hairy, woolly or velvety beneath, 

 6-12 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, petioles coarsely hairy, 3-6 cm. long; flowers 

 dioecious, the small calyx of the pistillate flower persisting at the base 

 of the fruit; fruit oblong-spatulate, paddle-shaped, the wing running 

 down the sides, 2 l / 2 -V/ 2 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide; the specific name refers 

 to the original locality. 



Frequent throughout the wooded portions of the state; NB-Fla-Mo- 

 Nebr- Minn-Saskatchewan. 



Wood brown, coarse-grained, strong, brittle, hard, weight 39 lbs. ; 

 used chiefly as a substitute for white ash in agricultural implements, car- 

 riage-building, furniture, interior finishing, oars and tool handles. An 

 excellent tree for general planting in the northwest, though less used 

 than the closely related green ash. 



Fraxinus americana L i n ne 1753 White Ash 



Large tree, 40-100 ft. high, 1-5 ft. diam.; bark brown or gray-brown, 

 moderately ridged, twigs smooth; leaves smooth, of 5-9, usually 7, leaflets, 

 2-4 dcm. long, leaflets oblong, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, margin sharply 

 toothed, tip pointed, base rounded, smooth and green above, pale green 



