128 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. 



Sultana, but later was known as Mills. The vine is vigorous and productive; 

 bunch large, compact and shouldered; berry black, with a thick bloom; flesh 

 meaty, juicy, with a rich, sprightly flavor. The skin is thick and the berries 

 adhere so firmly to the stem that a cluster can be lifted by a single berry. 

 This grape ripens about with the Concord and is a long keeper. The Mills 

 was introduced to general cultivation in 1888 by Elwanger & Barry, nursery- 

 men, of Rochester, N. Y., and still holds a place among cultivated sorts. 



The late William Haskins, also of Hamilton, Ontario, was another worker 

 among grapes, and effected crosses between Hartford Prolific and Black 

 Hamburg, Creveling and Black Hamburg, Concord and Allen's Hybrid, 

 Oporto and Black Hamburg, Chippewa and Black Hamburg, and Rogers 15 

 and Delaware. Several of the seedlings raised from these crosses were re- 

 garded with favor at the time, but one only of superior merit is now in cul- 

 tivation. This is known as the Abyssinia, from Creveling crossed with Black 

 Hamburgh. The vine is hardy and a thrifty grower ; bunch medium to large, 

 and compact; berry large, black and of good quality, much resembling Creve- 

 ling. It is said to ripen earlier t'nan the Concord. 



The late James Dougall, of Windsor, Ontario, raised many seedling fruits. 

 He, however, depended chiefly, if not wholly, on selection. The Windsor 

 cherry was one of his productions. This fruit was first exhibited by him at 

 the summer meeting of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, held at 

 Goderich, Ontario, in 1871. It was then described as a cherry of medium size, 

 jet black, flesh tender and luscious, quality very good. This proved to be a 

 valuable acquisition, and is now much grown. 



Mr. Dougall also did some work on gooseberries. In 1873 he exhibited 

 a number of seedlings supposed to be crosses of English sorts with Houghton. 

 Some of these were reported as very productive, but I do not know of any of 

 them in cultivation now. 



RECENT WORK. 



Among the more valuable seedling fruits of recent origin in Canada the 

 following are well deserving of mention: 



The Mclntosh Red apple, originated by John Mclntosh, of Dundela, On- 

 tario ; an early winter sort, and in its season probably the finest apple in culti- 

 vation for dessert purposes. Ripe, November to January. 



The Russell, which was produced in Russell County, Ontario, is an early 

 apple of good quality. Ripe from middle of August to middle of September. 



Scarlet Pippin, originated at Lyn, Leeds County, Ontario, near Brockville. 

 A very attractive apple, highly colored, and of good quality. Season, early 

 winter. 



Canada Baldwin. Said to have originated at St. Hilaire, Quebec. A 

 medium sized fruit of good quality. Season, midwinter. 



La Victoire, originated near Grenville, Quebec. A handsome apple; me- 

 dium in size, of good quality. Season, midwinter. 



Swayzie Pomme Grise, originated near Niagara, Ontario. Size, under 

 medium; yellow, with a thin russet coating; highly flavored; quality very 

 good one of the best dessert apples of the midwinter season. 



My own efforts in cross-breeding were begun in 1868, and have been 

 continued at intervals ever since. The work done has included experiments 



