97 



are effective auxiliaries to the services of hygiene and coloniza- 

 tion. The observatories of Loanda and Lourengo-Marques are 

 celebrated for their work. 



The colonization services have been organized recently. 

 The study of regions capable of colonization, where the settle- 

 ment of Europeans is likely, owing to the considerable altitude 

 of these regions (1,400 to 2,000 metres), deserves the full atten- 

 tion of the Portuguese Government. There are at the present 

 time good laboratories for bacteriology and the study of para- 

 sites in almost all the Colonies. They are directed by former 

 pupils of the Lisbon School of Tropical Medicine. Some of 

 these young doctors have already done 'excellent work on 

 sleeping sickness, bubonic plague, leishmaniasis, etc. The 

 influence of these laboratories is considerable, because they also 

 direct the services of disinfection and sanitary assistance to the 

 natives. In these laboratories at Lo<anda, at Lourengo- 

 Marques, at Nova-Goa, much work is done on sleeping sick- 

 ness, bubonic plague, and on almost all the scourges which 

 from time to time ravage these Colonies. Medical assistance 

 for the natives and poor Europeans has been established for a 

 long time. In all the Colonies there are hospitals, infirmaries, 

 ambulances, and free consultations. The vaccination service, 

 notwithstanding the difficulty of making its utility understood 

 by the natives, gives good results. Even in the most remote 

 Colonies, in Timor, vaccination is practised regularly. There 

 are even people who are re-vaccinated without repugnance and 

 without fear. The Lisbon Geographical Society, whose work 

 on all colonial questions is very conspicuous, is about to send a 

 medical mission to Angola for vaccination service in the region 

 traversed by the Lobito-Katanga. railway. 



Medicaments are distributed gratis to natives who cannot 

 afford to buy mem. Agricultural labourers, whether working 

 on State lands, or on private estates, have the right of 

 receiving medicaments gratuitously. 



Several scientific missions have -been sent out by the Portu- 

 guese Government to study and combat exotic diseases. In 

 Angola, in East Africa, and in Guinea, cholera, bubonic plague, 

 sleeping sickness, beri-beri, etc., have been the subjects of 

 noteworthy scientific investigations, the reports of which have 

 been published, either in separate volumes or in the Archives 

 of Exotic Hygiene and Pathology, the publication of the 

 Lisbon School of Tropical Medicine. 



The names of Professors A. Bittencourt, A. Ropke, J. de 

 Magalhaes and Doctors Correa Mendes, F. Sant'Anna, B. 

 Costa, and many others, indicate the scientific activity of young 

 Portuguese doctors in all that relates to exotic pathology and 

 sanitary measures in tropical countries. 

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