201 



is not an amateur business, but a very highly technical 

 business, and that men must be trained for it if they are going 

 to have any success at it. That we have learnt in Ireland ; 

 they have learnt it in England, and they have learnt it in 

 Scotland. We have had in these countries, where the whole 

 trend of thought had gone against co-operative action, to 

 found agricultural organization societies simply and solely 

 for the purpose of teaching people who do not understand 

 co-operation how to organize co-operative associations for 

 every agricultural purpose ; and I happen to know that they 

 are coming to this view in the United States and in Canada, 

 and that schemes are on foot for training organizers to start 

 co-operative movements in these countries. I believe that at 

 the Tropical Agricultural College which is about to be 

 founded somewhere in the Empire, in order that teachers 

 qualified to teach scientific principles of agriculture should 

 be able to learn how to apply those principles to tropical 

 conditions, it is highly important that agricultural co- 

 operation should be taught in this College, and that the 

 agricultural organizer, even if he has learnt his business, 

 as he can learn it in these islands, should go there and learn 

 how to organize in the wholly different conditions of the 

 tropical countries. 



The following paper was then read : 



AGRICULTURAL CREDIT BANKS AND CO-OPERATIVE 

 SOCIETIES. 



By Sir JAMES DOUIE, K. C.S.I., 

 Late Financial Commissioner in the Punjab. 



[ABSTRACT.] 



1. Individualism, socialism, and co-operation. The last 

 the true remedy for the evils caused by an exaggerated 

 individualism. Co-operation the outcome of strong necessity. 

 While well fitted to increase the profits of prosperous people, 

 it has at the outset found its home among struggling people. 



2. The birth of the co-operative movement in Europe 

 between 1840 and 1850. The English movement started with 

 co-operation in distribution for the benefit of artisans, the 

 German movement with co-operative credit. 



3. Schulze-Delitzsch and Raiffeisen Banks in Germany. The 

 latter the more important in connection with the development 



