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of agricultural credit in tropical countries. Changes of 

 type as the movement has progressed in Germany. Develop- 

 ment in Germany. 



4. The Casse Rurali of Italy. Experience derived from the 

 countries which once formed part of Turkey in Europe, of 

 special interest in connection with the prospects of success in 

 eastern and tropical countries. Servia, Bulgaria, Rumania, 

 Cyprus. 



5. Lessons to be gathered from successes and failures in 

 European countries as to : 



(a) Trie features which are essential in agricultural or rural 

 credit societies. 



(b) The functions of the state in connection with them. 



6. The problem which presents itself in eastern and tropical 

 countries not identical with the European problem because of : 



(a) The different character of the people at the present stage 

 of their development, and 



(b) The comparative absence of ordinary banking facilities. 



7. Hence experience to be gathered from the Indian Empire, 

 a large part of which lies within the tropics, while the rural 

 population as a whole is less advanced than that of most 

 European countries, should be of special use to a Congress of 

 Tropical Agriculture. Further, it must be remembered that 

 in some of our tropical Crown Colonies East Indians are now 

 an important element in the population, and form a good field 

 for the organization of co-operative credit. Reasons why 

 author will devote special attention to the Punjab. 



8. The Indian population predominantly rural, being 

 engaged either in the tillage of the soil or in handicrafts 

 ancillary to tillage. The population of an ordinary Punjab 

 village. Distribution of land and general nature of agriculture. 



9. Effect on landholding and cultivation of the establish- 

 ment of British rule. 



10. Gradual rise of problem of agricultural Indebtedness. 

 Its serious character. 



11. Agricultural State Loans to peasant farmers. Success- 

 ful working for sixty years. Analogy of Turkey. 



12. Restrictions on the peasant farmer's title to alienate his 

 land. Analogy of Servia. 



13. Rise of co-operative credit societies. Indian societies 

 predominantly agricultural, and attention will be confined to 

 societies of that class. 



14. Indian legislation. Acts of 1904 and 1912. 



15. Types of agricultural societies. 



16. Unions and central banks. Ordinary joint-stock banks 

 as a source from which money can be borrowed for rural 

 societies. 



