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will not give the same results. At the same time if I were a 

 Gold Coast planter I should not ferment my cocoa, because the 

 difference in price is so extremely small. It is, I think, the 

 fact that you can dry the fermented beans to a very much 

 greater extent than the unfermented, and if any of you carry 

 out quantitive determinations on cocoa estates you will find 

 it absolutely true that a considerable and unrealized loss of 

 weight takes place, and that is why, with every wish in the 

 world to do so, I cannot honestly recommend that every man 

 should necessarily ferment his cocoa. It is extremely unfor- 

 tunate that owing to causes I cannot go into here, the prices 

 of different grades have drawn together, and now there is a 

 very small difference in price between the good and bad 

 qualities. I think if I were a planter and had steam available 

 I should 1 adopt Professor Perrot's method. I would steam 

 the beans, and subject them to a temperature not exceeding 

 140 F., and so get a brown or a red bean, and at the same 

 time gain something in the way of a pleasant flavour. I would 

 commend that to the attention of the Congress. 



Dr. H. A. A. NICHOLLS (Dominica): Mr. Chairman The 

 question I wish to raise is that of shade for cocoa. I will illus- 

 trate its importance by some facts concerning two islands close 

 together in the West Indies. Trinidad has been associated 

 with the cocoa industry from time immemorial, and nearly 

 the whole of its cocoa estates have an immense amount 

 of shade on them; indeed, cocoa cultivation there is practically 

 the undergrowth of a forest. I think in many instances shade 

 trees are planted before the cocoa. Now going from there 

 to Grenada, an island well known in regard to its cocoa pro- 

 ducts, you find nearly the whole of the cocoa is planted without 

 shade. Now we have heard from Professor Carmody and we 

 could not hear it from a higher authority that the yield of 

 dry cocoa in Trinidad is about 2 Ib. per tree, but in Grenada 

 the yield is nearer 5 Ib. than 2 Ib. I remember about twelve 

 years ago at an Agricultural Conference at Trinidad at which 

 your Chairman and I were both present, the question of shade 

 was brought up, but the discussion did not proceed very far. 

 because nobody there knew much about it. I understood that 

 experiments were about to be undertaken in Trinidad regarding 

 the effect on the productivity of cocoa trees of shade and no 

 shade, but I am not aware that anything has been published. 

 The question deserves serious consideration in view of the 

 difference in yield of 3 Ib. per tree to which I have referred. 

 I need hardly tell you that this difference means probably the 

 difference between a profit and a loss. 



Mr. H. A. TEMPANY (Superintendent of Agriculture, Leeward 



