363 



agricolo, ed una buona preparazione tecnica dei coltivatori : 

 altri mezzi artificial! per conservare la proprieta coltivatrice si 

 dimostrano meno efficaci. 



[TRANSLATION.] 



COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF LAND CONCESSIONS IN 

 COLONIZATION. 



The excess of population in the old countries is the force 

 which drives the proletariat towards new countries with a view 

 to colonizing the land. 



This 'excess may be either absolute or relative. It is absolute 

 when, in the home country, the intensity of cultivation has 

 reached its possible maximum, and relative when it depends 

 on insufficient intensity in the systems of cultivation. 



In the second case, emigration from old countries produces 

 in the same a depreciation in the value of the land, and this 

 fact gives subsequently an impetus to colonization; in this 

 manner emigration into new countries, which determines in 

 the latter the cultivation of the land, may subsequently give an 

 impetus to colonization also in the old countries. 



In new countries the existence of large Government reser- 

 vations facilitates colonization by whites, while in European 

 countries the existence of large private properties causes a 

 deficiency in land available for cultivation. 



In the former case gratuitous or quasi-gratuitous concessions 

 are possible and are preferably so granted; they serve as an 

 inducement to workers of the soil; by the conditions to which 

 these concessions are subject it is intended to guarantee the 

 final object of colonization. In the old countries, where there 

 is a deficiency in land, the best system appears to be a prudent 

 organization of credit which enables the farmers to acquire the 

 land by paying out of their own means only a minimum portion 

 of the price while at the same time leaving to them the entire 

 technical and financial responsibility of their undertaking. 



Between the two extremes of which we have just spoken 

 there exists another position, represented by conquered coun- 

 tries, in which the colonizing population finds already a 

 civilization and a landed^property system (as in Algeria, 

 Tunis, Libya) whicti cannot be put aside and by which a great 

 part of the land is deprived of its available character in a 

 nearly similar way as in the home countries; in such a case 

 the best system would appear to be that of freeing the land 

 from all redeemable rights weighing on it and facilitating its 

 sale and purchase in accordance with the ideas prevailing in 

 the old countries. In such a case the undertaking appears to 



