IIS Prof. T. G. Bonney. On the [June 19, 



this a longtime attentively with an excellent field-glass, without being 

 able to determine whether this spot represented the upper end of a 

 pipe filled with molten lava, or whether it was only incandescent 

 matter. Flames were flickering and travelling about it in all direc- 

 tions. I compare the appearance they presented to that seen when a 

 flat dish is half covered with lighted spirit. The flames that I saw 

 travelled to and fro in the same peculiar manner. Besides the flames 

 which were at the surface of the orifice or pipe of the crater, there 

 were others in many places flickering over the glowing fissures. The 

 appearance and behaviour of these flames gave me the impression that 

 there was a comparatively tranquil atmosphere at the bottom ; any- 

 how there was nothing that suggested the existence of strong blasts 

 issuing from the fissures. 



"After spending a considerable time in the examination of this 

 remarkable spectacle we returned to the tent, and divided the night 

 into three watches. At 11 P.M., when 1 was asleep, an explosion 

 occurred which caused the lantern suspended from the ridge of the tent 

 to oscillate to and fro at least so 1 was informed by my assistant, 

 J. A. Carrel, who was keeping watch at the time. During my own 

 watch nothing remarkable occurred. The ejections of steam could be 

 heard going off from time to time ; but the noise made on these occa- 

 sions (as heard in the tent placed on the outside of the crater) was 

 not alarming. The steam sometimes boiled over the edge of the 

 rim, and enveloped the tent. Temperature fell during the night to 

 13 F. 



" We were astir at daybreak on the 19th, and went again to the 

 edge of the rim. The bottom of the crater was again indistinguish- 

 able by reason of steam, but the upper part of it was reasonably clear. 



1 photographed a part of it, and measured directly 600 feet along the 

 rim by means of a fine line, and, by taking angles with a theodolite 

 from the two ends of this base, found that the diameter of the rim 

 was about 2,000 feet from north to south, and 1,500 feet from east to 

 west. 



" Our tent was rendered a dusky grey colour by fragments of scoria- 

 ceous matter, which were ejected during our stay. A quantity of this 

 was collected (described below). These minute fragments were 

 evidently thrown out by the steam blasts, though it should be said 

 that I did not on any single occasion notice anything ejected with 

 or falling from the steam. 



" After 8 A.M. on the 19th the wind became dangerously high, and we 

 could not remain upon the rim, but we stayed near the summit until 



2 P.M., re-ascending from time to time when the weather moderated. 

 We arrived again at the first camp on the evening of the 19th, and at 

 Machachi on February 24th. 



" The following supplementary remarks occur to me : 



