94 PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING SYSTEMS 



the second medium at which the electrolyte will have the same ioniza- 

 tion. 



In the following table are given values of V calculated according to 

 Equation' 39, at which the ionization of typical electrolytes is 70% and 

 95% in different solvents, based upon an aqueous solution of sodium 

 chloride as reference medium. Under Fobs, are given the observed dilu- 

 tions at which solutions in the various solvents have the ionization in 

 question. 



TABLE XXXIII. 



OBSERVED AND CALCULATED VALUES OF THE DILUTION V AT WHICH TYPICAL ELECTRO- 

 LYTES IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS HAVE THE SAME IONIZATION. 



Ethyl Epichlor- Aceto- Isobutyl- Ethylene 



Solvent Water Alcohol hydrin phenone Pyridine Ammonia alcohol chloride 



Dielectric 



constant . 81.7 25.6 22.6 18.2 13.0 22.0 18.9 10.5 



A 108.9 39.42 62.1 33.3 57.0 339.0 12.8 66.7 



Temp 18 25 25 25 18 33.5 25 25 



loniz. = 70% : * 



F obs 1.207 125.9 159.1 320.5 861.0 794.5 1348.0 11290.0 



F cal c. 1.207 39.2 56.8 109.0 299.0 61.7 97.5 569.0 



loniz. = 95% : 



F obs> 181.0 3590.0 3350.0 5970.0 25110.0 11910.0 14620.0 



F calc . 181.0 5880.0 8530.0 16300.0 44900.0 9260.0 14600.0 



The electrolyte employed for comparison is sodium iodide, except in the 

 case of water, epichlorhydrin, ethylene chloride and ammonia, in which 

 the electrolytes were sodium chloride, tetraethylammonium iodide, tetra- 

 propylammonium iodide and potassium nitrate, respectively. So far 

 as solutions in water are concerned, the ionization values correspond 

 very closely for different binary electrolytes, so that it is a matter of 

 indifference whether one or another typical binary electrolyte is em- 

 ployed as reference electrolyte. At the higher concentrations, it is true, 

 the value of y is somewhat lower for sodium chloride than for potassium 

 chloride. However, this does not affect the comparisons appreciably; 

 if anything, the comparison is somewhat more favorable with sodium 

 chloride than with potassium chloride as reference electrolyte. 



If Equation 38 were applicable, the calculated values of F should 

 everywhere correspond with the observed values. At an ionization of 

 70% the calculated values of F are in all instances too small. The dis- 

 crepancy is greatest in the case of ethylene chloride at 70% ionization, 

 which, according to calculation, should be 569 liters, whereas the meas- 

 ured dilution is 11,290. In general, the lower the dielectric constant of 



