HETEROGENEOUS EQUILIBRIA 251 



TABLE XCIX. Continued 



Electrolyte Concentration Solubility B' 



CaCl 2 0.061 0.2101 28 



" 0.122 0.2135 28 



" 0.244 0.2194 25 



" 0.487 0.2279 21 



" 0.975 0.2372 15 



NaJ 0.043 0.2102 42 



" 0.086 0.2148 46 



" 0.172 0.2198 37 



" 0.343 0.2271 29 



" 0.685 0.2359 21 



NaBr 0.022 0.2098 73 



" 0.043 0.2194 66 



" 0.086 0.2165 57 



0.172 0.2257 54 



given in Table XCIX. The solubility in pure alcohol is 0.2065 grams 

 per hundred grams of solvent. The equivalent percentage solubility in- 

 crease is given in the last column under B'. 



It will be observed that the solubility coefficient is initially quite 

 large and decreases markedly at the higher concentrations. The solu- 

 bility is in all cases increased, but, as in the case of aqueous solution, the 

 solubility effect is a property of the electrolyte in question. The effect 

 is greatest for lithium chloride, in which case the solubility is increased 

 approximately 20 per cent in a normal solution of the electrolyte. 



Some writers have ascribed the depression of the solubility of non- 

 electrolytes in water, due to electrolytes, to the action of the ions 

 upon the non-electrolyte. If any interaction of this kind actually takes 

 place, it must be of a secondary nature, and greatly qualified by the 

 nature of the ions with which the charges are associated. The increase 

 in the solubility of phenylthiourea in alcohol clearly indicates that the 

 action of the salt upon the non-electrolyte is greatly affected by the 

 nature of the solvent medium. Further experimental data on the effects 

 of salts on the solubility of non-electrolytes in non-aqueous solutions are 

 of much interest. 



4. Solubility of Salts in the Presence of Non-Electrolytes. The 

 solubility of salts in aqueous solutions is in general depressed by the 

 addition of non-electrolytes. The solubility change, as a rule, follows 

 very nearly, although not quite, a linear relation. In the following table 

 are given values for the solubility of lithium carbonate in water at 25 in 



