252 PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING SYSTEMS 



the presence of various non-electrolytes, at different concentrations. 20 

 The solubility of lithium carbonate in pure water is 0.1687 equivalents 

 per liter. 



TABLE C. 



SOLUBILITY OF LITHIUM CARBONATE IN THE PRESENCE OF 

 NON-ELECTROLYTES. 



Mols of non-electrolyte %- %- %- 1-norm. 



1. Methyl alcohol 0.1604 0.1529 0.1394 



2. Ethyl alcohol 0.1614 0.1555 0.1417 0.1203 



3. Propyl alcohol 0.1604 0.1524 0.1380 0.1097 



4. Amyl alcohol (tertiary) . . 0.1564 0.1442 0.1224 0.0899 



5. Acetone 0.1600 0.1515 0.1366 0.1104 



6. Ether 0.1580 0.1476 0.1300 



7. Formaldehyde 0.1668 0.1653 0.1606 0.1531 



8. Glycol 0.1660 0.1629 0.1565 0.1472 



9. Glycerine 0.1670 0.1647 0.1613 0.1532 



10. Mannite 0.1705 0.1737 0.1778 



11. Grape sugar 0.1702 0.1728 0.1752 0.1778 



12. Cane sugar 0.1693 0.1689 0.1661 0.1557 



13. Urea 0.1686 0.1673 0.1643 0.1605 



14. Thiourea 0.1667 0.1643 0.1600 0.1523 



15. Dimethylpyrone 0.1562 0.1460 0.1284 0.0992 



16. Ammonia : 0.1653 0.1630 0.1577 0.1466 



17. Diethylamine 0.1589 0.1481 0.1283 0.0937 



18. Pyridine 0.1592 0.1503 0.1347 0.1091 



19. Piperidine 0.1584 0.1488 0.1320 0.1009 



20. Urethane 0.1604 0.1525 0.1377 0.1113 



21. Acetamide 0.1614 0.1520 0.1358 



22. Acetonitrile 0.1618 0.1556 0.1429 0.1178 



23. Mercuric cyanide 0.1697 0.1704 



It will be observed that, with a few exceptions, of which mannite and 

 grape sugar are the most striking examples, the solubility is depressed by 

 the addition of non-electrolytes. In general, the depression is the greater 

 the smaller the dielectric constant of the added non-electrolyte, although 

 this relation does not hold exactly, since, for example, the addition of 

 ether causes a smaller decrease in the solubility than does that of amyl 

 alcohol. With increasing complexity of the carbon group the depression 

 of the solubility, in general, increases. The solubilities may be expressed 

 approximately as a function of concentration by Equation 63. 



In the following table are given the values of 100 13 for solutions of a 

 number of salts in water in the presence of non-electrolytes. 21 The non- 

 80 Rothmund, Ztschr. J. phya. Chem. 69. 531 (1909). 

 Rothmund, loc. cit. 



