182 MADEEPOEARIA. 



upper surface of the main divisions bears a few swollen appressed corallites with a pro- 

 minent star, but these are absent from the under surface, which is provided only with 

 tubular twigs. Corallum moderately porous ; surface and wall of the corallites closely 

 clothed with elongate slender echinulations. 



Ortmann {loc. cit.) expressed his doubt as to the identity of the specimen with 

 M. longicyathus, M. -Edwards & Haime. It was received through the Museum of Com- 

 parative Zoology, and I therefore presume is the species referred to in Verrill's paper 

 quoted above. 



The form of the tubo-nariform corallites and the elongate tubular ones with buds near 

 the apex distinguish this species from others of the subgenus. 



Singapore [Strassburg Museum). 



195. Madrepora orientalis. 



Madrepora rosaria, Ortmann (non Dana), Zool. JB. 1888, Bd. iii. p. 150. 



Corallum cespitose or cespito-arborescent. In the cespitose variety the colony is 15 cm. 

 high and 23 cm. broad ; in the other the height is 28 cm. and the breadth 18 to 20 cm. The 

 branches and branchlets are much divided and very crowded ; the main branches are 1 cm. 

 thick or a little over, and 10 cm. long in the cespitose colony, and bear numerous short, 

 proliferous twigs near the base, and more elongate and less spreading ones above, up to 

 2"5 cm., or in some cases 4'5 cm. long. At the margin of the colony the branches are 1 cm. 

 thick and spread horizontally. Axial corallites 3 to 3"5 mm. diameter, 1 to 2 mm. exsert, 

 wall thick and firm, margin only slightly rounded. The radial corallites are arranged at an 

 angle of about 30° to 35° ; the majority are tubular, thick-walled, and a little compressed at 

 first, 3 to 5 mm. long and 2 to 25 mm. thick, margin a little rounded; many of these bear two 

 or three bud-corallites ; others are wide nariform or short labellate ; lower down, the majority 

 are hemicotyloid, often a little dilated, and pass gradually into immersed ones with an 

 aperture of 1 mm. Star of the radial corallites imperfect, but the directive septa are more or 

 less prominent, the others rudimentary. Corallum dense, but somewhat reticulate in section ; 

 surface dense and finely echinulate, covered in parts with a spongy film ; wall finely and 

 closely echinulate, not striate. 



Pacific Ocean : Fiji, Ponape {Strassburg Museum) . 



C. Main branches complanate and reticulate, with erect twigs on the upper surface. 



196. Uadrepora confraga. 



Madrepora confraga, Quelch, ' Challenger ' Reef Corals, p. 159, pi, ix. fig. 6. 



The following is a description of the type specimen : — 



Corallum extending horizontally; branches much divided, rarely coalescent. Main 

 branch (?) a little compressed, 1*5 cm. thick, becoming divided into three or four branches 



