MADEEPORA. 185 



The type of Lamarck does not appear to be preserved in the Paris Museum, and his 

 description is too imperfect for purposes of identification. It is therefore uncertain whether 

 Ehrenberg correctly identified Lamarck's species. Ehrenberg's specimen is preserved in the 

 Berlin Museum, and is quite distinct from M. echidtuea, Dana, which should probably be 

 regarded as a synonym of M. rosacea, Esper. Ehrenberg's species, for which the name is 

 here retained, is closely related to M. echinata, Dana, but has shorter branchlets with less 

 spreading corallites, which are also of smaller diameter. The specimen, which probably 

 consists of only the apex of a colony, is 11 cm. long and 1 cm. thick at the base. The radial 

 tubular corallites and branchlets are very slender, a few are 1 cm. long and simple or sub- 

 simple, 1'5 mm. thick at the base and only 0"75 mm. at the apex; the majority are not over 

 5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick at the base. Those constituting branchlets bear radial appressed 

 tubular corallites which are scarcely free at the apex, but in twigs 1 cm. long there may be 

 one or two which spread at an angle of 30° to 40°. There are no immersed corallites on the 

 main branches as in M. echinata, but instead numerous clusters of appressed tubular 

 corallites occur, which vary from 1 to 3 mm. in length. The wall of the corallites is always 

 rather thin at the apex ; the margin is not contracted, and the surface is dense and pitted, 

 but not echinulate. The coenenchyma is vermiform echinulate on the main divisions, and 

 also at the bases of the longer branchlets. 



This species difiers chiefly from M. echinata in the more slender axial corallites and the 

 appressed radial ones. 



Habitat of the type specimens not recorded. 



? a. New Guinea. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 301. 



199. Madrepora echinata. 



Madrepora echinata, Dana, Zoophytes, p. 464, pi. xxxvi. fig. 1 ; M.-Edwards & Haime, Coralliaires, 



t. iii. p. 147, ? pi. E 1. fig. 4 ; Verrill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1864, vol. i. p. 41 ; Rathbun, Proo. 



U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, vol. x. p. 15 {non Ortmann, Zool. JB. 1888, Bd. iii. p. 150 ; non Quelch, 



' Challenger ' Eeef Corals, p. 162). 

 Madrepora durvillei, M.-Edwards & Haime, Coralliaires, t. iii. p. 148 {non Ortmann, Zool. JB. 1888, 



Bd. iii. p. 151). 



Corallum erect arborescent, attaining 60 cm. in height. Stem 3 cm. diameter near the 

 base, terete, laxly branched ; branches 8 to 24 cm. long, 6 to 16 mm. thick, terete, slowly 

 tapering and remaining stout to the apex ; those up to 10 or 12 cm. long usually remain 

 undivided. The stem and branches are usually covered with innumerable short, branched 

 ramieuli, 1 to 2-7 era. long, consisting of a cluster of elongate tubular corallites, simple or 

 subdivided, radiating from a common trunk of very variable length. Adjoining ramieuli are 

 subequal, and give to the corallum a bottle-brush appearance, about 6-5 cm. diameter below 

 and 3 cm. above. Tubular corallites 0-4 to 24 cm. long, occasionally remaining simple and 

 curved when 3 cm. long or more, but the majority are spreadingly subdivided ; the sub- 



