12 MADREPORARIA. 



nearly lamellate septa than Goniopora ; the second to differ in the persistence of well-developed 

 pali-like lobes ; and the last to be an extreme form, a kind of exaggeration, of Goniopora. 



Milne-Edwards and Haime accepted seven " species," one with hesitation. These were 

 (1) the type species, " G. pedunculata" Q. & G. ; (2) " G. viridis " (= Ast. viridis Q. & G.) ; 

 (3) " G. lobata " (new) ; (4) " G. Savignyi," suggested by Dana ; (5) " G. Stokesii " (new) ; 

 (6) " G. columna " Dana; (7) " G. lichen" (= " Porites lichen" et " reticulosa" Dana). This 

 last suggestion Prof. Verrill, who worked over Dana's types, did not admit. 



No change was made by Milne-Edwards when, after the death of Haime, he published the 

 third volume of the ' Hist. Nat. des Coralliaires ' in 1860. 



In 1872, Professor Verrill * regarded the genus as closely related to Alveopora, differing 

 chiefly in the twenty-four radiating septa. The genus was further said to combine many of 

 the characters of Alveopora and Porites. He finally classed it with Alveopora and Litharcea 

 in a sub-family Alveoporinae. 



Further, in the appendix to Dana's ' Corals and Coral Islands ' Professor Verrill rejected 

 the suggestion that the Porites lichen and Porites reticulosa of Dana belong to the genus 

 Goniopora. 



Briiggemann only referred to the genus in a paper which dealt with some Stony Corals 

 from Singapore.t He described a new " species " G. malaccensis,% and added a few notes on the 

 accepted species of Milne-Edwards and Haime. He further declared that these authors were 

 quite wrong in speaking of the shallower calicles at the sides of the stock which have the rings 

 of pali as the younger, as they do in their descriptions of " G. pedunculata," " G. lobata," and 

 " G. Savignyi." Evidently referring solely to columnar forms, Briiggemann argued that the 

 growth " being terminal " the lateral calicles must be the oldest, being pushed outwards by 

 the buds developing at the tip in the axis of the stock. In these one would, he thought, 

 naturally expect a more pronounced deposition of skeletal substance and consequent thickening 

 of the septal apparatus (on this disputed point see below, p. 27). 



From the order in which Briiggemann described the corals dealt with in this paper we 

 can gather that he accepted the position assigned to the genus by Dana and Milne-Edwards 

 and Haime. 



This same position of the genus was again accepted by Dr. Klunzinger (' Korallenthieie 

 des rothen Meeres,' 1879). He identified " G. lobata" M.-E. & H. with " Astrcea 

 planulata" of Ehrenberg. He also figured (by photography) and described from fresh 

 specimens a form which he believed to be the same as that figured in Savigny's ' Egypte ' 

 and called by Dana'" G. Savignyi," and another small encrusting form as " G. lichen " M.-E. & H. 

 which he doubtfully identified with the " Porites lichen " of Dana. Professor Verrill's pro- 

 nouncement on this point (see above) was apparently overlooked. Lastly Dr. Klunzinger (l.c. 



• Amer. Journ. Sci., iii. p. 194 ; reproduced in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) ix. p. 355. 

 t Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Bremen, v. (1878) p. 539. 



X The type specimen of which apparently became the property of the British Museum 

 (see pp. 80 and 81). 



