70 MADREPORAKIA. 



39. Goniopora Philippines (4) 4. (PI. V. fig. 3.) 

 [Mactan Island ; coll. H.M.S. ' Challenger ' ; British Museum.] 

 Goniopora peduncidata, Quelch (non Q. & G.), Chall. Eept., xvi. (1886) p. 187. 



Description. — Corallum apparently a thick encrusting cushion-shaped layer, of irregular 

 outline, with smooth but wavy surface and character of edges unknown. The thickness varies 

 quite irregularly from 1*5 to 3 mm. according to the surface of the substratum. 



Calicles about 2'5 mm. across, showing two types of structure. On the thinner parts of 

 the stock they are open, rounded, rather shallow, with vertical walls descending upon a flat 

 floor (fig. 3). The walls are fairly regularly composed of compact thick septa, with stout 

 synapticulae. On the thicker parts of the stock the calicles are deep and funnel-shaped, and 

 the stout walls are a close reticulum showing no signs of regular formation out of radial septa 

 and concentric synapticulse, which have melted together. Young buds are mostly confined to 

 this region. The 24 septa project almost from the margin as short stout points and knobs. 

 In the deep conical calicles they descend as thick, vertical rows of knobbed and irregular pro- 

 jections, sloping gradually and only very deep down uniting with an inconspicuous tangle. 

 In the shallower calicles (fig. 3), without previously projecting into the fossa, they unite with 

 a large flat conspicuous columellar tangle which is so flaky as to appear nearly solid. There 

 is a ragged reticulum on its surface in which here and there a six-rayed arrangement can be 

 detected, while round it and close to the walls the ring of interseptal loculi is fairly con- 

 spicuous, because some of them are large. The typical septal formula can here be made out. 



In sections the calicles and the different elements of the skeleton are hardly dis- 

 tinguishable. 



The fragment was identified in the ' Challenger ' Eeport with G. pedunculata Q. & G., but 

 see p. 36 on the possibility of re-identifying this coral. 



The two kinds of calicles are especially interesting — shallow, with walls regularly built, 

 and deep and conical with an irregular reticulum foaming up round them. This latter is 

 probably a sign of rapid growth, a suggestion confirmed by the presence at this part of many 

 young buds. The regular shallow type on the thinner part of the stock recalls those of 

 G. Great Barrier Reef 1, p. 48 (see PI. II. fig. 1), although there the stock is still thinner and 

 the calicles larger and shallower. 



a. Zool. Dept. 86. 12. 9. 306. 



40. Goniopora China Sea (5)1. 



[' Mers de Chine,' 1839, coll. Lagrenee ; Paris Museum.] 



Rhodarma 1 lagreneei, M.-E. & H., Ann. d. Sci. Nat. (3°) xvi. (1851) p. 43 ; non "llh. lagrmnei," 

 Briiggemann, Abh. Ver. Brem., v. (1878) p. 547 ( = G. Si7ujapore 1, p 79). 



The original specimen of this coral seems to be Z. 205a of the collection in the Paris 

 Museum. As stated by Milne-Edwards, it seems to have been very worn. In shape it appears 



