94 MADREPORARIA. 



The figure and description given of this coral are not quite as lucid as one could desire. 

 The columellar tangle is shown only as two or three granules. Are these appearing above a 

 matrix ? If so, the septa may well fuse to form the typical formula below the surface shown. 

 In accepting it we rely upon Duncan's diagnosis of the specimen as a true Poritid : if this 

 is so, the septa show it to be a Goniopore. 



Duncan's figure suggests that the coral may be another of those retaining the primitive 

 form of growth, only here, as in G. Maldives If, the successive growths are piled up one on 

 the top of the other. 



On the name " superposita " see the remarks on the name " Stokesi," p. 77. 



65. Goniopora Sind ( 7)4. 



[Maliri, South of Chotra, top of the Khirthar beds or base of the Nari series (Upper Eocene), 

 Mai Mahori, same horizon ; coll. Geol. Survey, India.] 



Porites indica, Duncan, Sind Fossil Corals, Mem. Geol. Surv. India (1880) p. 67, pi. v. figs. 12 and 13. 



Description. — The corallum is massive, with broad irregularly gibbous surface. 



The calicles, 2-2 • 5 mm. across, " are shallow, open but slightly separate, hexagonal or 

 pentagonal or irregular in outline." The walls are mostly reticular, but thin, here and there 

 simple. The 24 septa are long and thin, and not crowded ; they show traces of the typical 

 formula.* Their free edges are nodulated (perhaps the result of post-mortem corrosion). A 

 rather wide central columellar tangle, with paliform nodules or rods on its upper surface. 



This coral is obviously a Goniopora. 



66. Goniopora Sind {7) 5. 



[Near Raduk, 10 miles south-east of Jhangara, Nari series (Upper Eocene), 

 coll. Geol. Survey, India.] 



Lilharma nodulosa, Duncan, Sind Fossil Corals, Mem. Geol. Surv. India (1880) p. 80, pi. xix. figs. 4 

 and 5. 



Description. — Corallum consists of " short stunted branches," about 5 cm. high. 



Calicles from 2*5-5 mm. in diameter, shallow, irregularly quadrangular. Walls thick, 

 and, judging from the figures, composed of reticulum, the elements of which are much thinner 

 than are the peripheral ends of the septa. Septa from 20-30, those of the different cycles very 

 distinct, the longer ones fusing irregularly with a small columellar tangle, but not very much 

 with one another. The septa are wedge-shaped, the free edges being sharp, but their 

 peripheral ends, where they are inserted in the reticular wall, thick and rounded. 



As shown in Duncan's figure, this coral is a true Goniopore, so far as one can judge from 

 its surface aspect. The enormous thickness of the septa where they mount the walls, which 

 suggests an Astraeid (cf. Duncan's figs. 8, 9 on the same plate), may have been due to post- 

 mortem alteration (see Introduction). The original specimen would probably show whether 

 the septal formula was that typical of this genus. The figure shows no trace of it. 



• Not shown in the figure, but implied in the text : " The tertiaries fuse with the secondaries." 



