110 MADREPOKAKIA. 



apparently working with specimens which he merely thought might be specifically identical 

 with Oatullo's coral ! 



Martin Duncan specially mentioned the " Porites micrantha " of Reuss as allied to his 

 "P. indica" from Sind, but on what ground he did not state. We may note that the Sind 

 Goniopore (see p. 94) has no trace whatever of the wavy septa which is the special character- 

 istic of this coral from Vicenza. 



88. Goniopora Vicenza Q3)6. 



[Crosara, near Marostico, Vicenza (Oligocene) ; several specimens in the 



Berlin Museum.] 



Litharam rtulis, Reuss, Denksch. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, xxix. (1869) p. 251, pi. xxvii. fig. 2. 



Description. — Corallum smoothly or irregularly convex. 



Calicles deep and 4*5-6 mm. across, irregularly polygonal. Walls as tall, simple ridges, 

 not specially zigzag, with rough, irregularly granular or bluntly echinulate edges. Septa 24-30, 

 somewhat thick, with granular edges and perforated with numerous rounded holes ; six of them 

 are frequently prominent. Synapticulre, in all stages of formation, often unite the septa. The 

 columella is neither large nor small and rises at the surface into paliform knobs (" papillse"). 



The septa in thi3 coral, instead of being twisted into a reticulum, are joined by multitudes 

 of synapticulw ; both methods produce a kind of grating over the mouth of the fossa. See 

 remarks on the Paris Basin specimens p. 146. 



The blunt echinulations which project from the edges of the walls are the beginnings of 

 the septa, and the thin wall is hardly continuous enough to be either threadlike, zigzag, or 

 wavy ; it seems at the edges to be composed of the broad bases of the septal points. 



This specimen is very interesting, because of the high walls. It is common enough in 

 fossil Gonioporce to find the walls raised, but unless one can be certain that the original surface 

 has been preserved, this character cannot be trusted. The only clear case of high walls among 

 the fossil Gonioporce in the National Collection is that of the specimen received as Litharcea 

 ilesnoyerd M.-E. & H. from Hauteville (see p. 143). Cf. also G. Egyirt '2 which had other points of 

 similarity with this coral, e.g. large calicles. On this last feature cf. G. Sind 1i, called by 

 Duncan "grandis," on account of the great size of the calicles, although the septa were not 

 increased in number as they are said to be in iteuss' coral here described. 



89. Goniopora Vicenza (i3 ; 7« 



[Crosara, near Marostico, where it is present in such quantities that many of the 

 layers are almost composed of it (Oligocene).J 



Porites ramosa, Reuss, Denksch. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, xxix. (1869) p. 250, pi. xxvi. figs. 1-3; 

 pi xxvii. fig. 1. 



Description. — Corallum rises in thick, irregular, nearly cylindrical columns which divide at 

 small angles ; the double columns thus formed secondarily fuse together. The tops of the 



