2 BRACHIOPODA. 



being usually spiral, and having their outer margin fringed with 

 cirri ; mantle-lobes closely applied to the valves, fringed with 

 horny setce, and furnished with large branching veins ; digestive 

 organs occupying a small space near the umbones, separated by 

 a strong membrane from the genei'al cavdty of the shell in which 

 the cirrated arms are expanded; respiration performed by the 

 vessels of the mantle ; circulation effected by two hearts, each 

 having an auricle and a ventricle ; sexes vmited ? ; ova developed 

 in vascular sinuses, or in the large veins. 



Habit marine, ranging from low water to 100 fathoms ; in all 

 climates and seas {Woodward MS.). 



Ostreacia] Subfam. Placunia, part., Rafinesque, Anal. 148, 1816. 

 Poleteria; Brachiopea, Rafinesque, Anal. 148, 1815. 

 Brachiopoda, Cuvier, Ann. du Mtts. i. 44, & in Roissy, Moll. vi. 

 460, 1805. 



Dumeril, Trait, ^lem. 1806. 

 Lamk. Phil. Zool. 1809, 317. 

 Latr. Fam. Nat. 1825. 

 Schweigg. Naturg. 689, 1820. 

 Rang, Man. 257. 1829. 

 Flem. Brit. An. 1828, 256, 377- 

 Menke, Syn. i. 95, 1836. 

 Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. i. 22. 



Gray, Syn. B.M.\S40; 1842, 85; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, 

 202 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. ii. 435, 1848. 

 Anomia, part., Linn. S. Nat. 

 Criopus or Criopoderma, Poli, Test. Sicil. 1 792. 

 Branchiopoda, Risso, Hist. iv. 1826, 



Swains. Malac. 1840. 

 Spirobrachiophora, Gray, Med. Repos. 1821, 238. 

 Lingulacea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. x. 1818. 

 Acephalophora palhobranchia, Blainville, Prodr. 1814. 

 Acephala Brachiopoda, Anton, Verz. Conch. 12, 1839. 

 Acephala Palliobranchiata or Brachiopoda, Forbes Sf Hanley, 



Brit. Moll. ii. 339. 

 Conchiferes mouomyaires. Sect. III. (Les Rudistes et Les Bra- 



chiopodes), Lamk. Hist. vi. 229. 

 Conchiferes Brachiopodcs, Lamk. Hist. vi. 241. 

 Mol. acephala testacea monomyaria (monomyaires), part., Lamk. 



Hist. vi. 1, 2nd ed. vii. 1. 

 Acephales testaces, Brachiopodcs (and Ostracees, part.), Lamk. 

 Ext. du Cours, 104, 1812. 

 Rang, Man. Moll. 257. 

 Palliobranchiata or Palliobranches, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. xxxii. 

 1824. 

 King, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. xviii. 1846. 



