4 BRACHIOPODA. 



and placed Calceole in the family Rudiste of the class Lamelli- 

 branches. 



In 1825 M. de Blainville {Manuel Malac. 8vo) divided the 

 class Acephalophores into four Orders ; the follo\nng contain what 

 are now considered Brachiopods. 



Order I. Palliobranches. 



1. CoquiUe symmetrique. Lingule, Terebratule, Thecidie, 

 Strophomene, Plagistome, Dianchore, Podopside. 



2. CoquiUe non -symmetrique, irreguliere, constamment adhe- 

 rente. Orbicide, Cranie. 



Order II. Rudistes. Sphaerulite, Hippiuite, Radiolite, Bi- 

 rostrite, Calceole. 



In 1825 M. Latreille {Fam. Nat. Reg. Anim. 8vo, 196) (Uvided 

 the MoUusques Agames Endocephales Brachiopodes into two 

 Orders and three Famihes, thus : 



1. Pedoncules. I. Equivalves, Lingule. 2. Inequivalves,'Ye- 

 rebratule. 



2. Sessiles. 1. Fixivalves, Orbicule, Cranie, Acarde, Spharu- 

 lite. Placing the genus Calceole in the family Ostraces of Con- 

 chiferes. 



In 1829 M. Rang (Manuel des MoUusques, 12mo, Paris, p. 257) 

 arranged the Acephales Testaces Brachiopodes thus : 



I. Lingules. Lingule. 



II. Terebratules. Terebratule, Strophomene, Thecidee, Cal- 

 ceole. 



III. Cranies. Cranie, Orbicule. 



In 1834 Leopold von Buch (Ueber die Terebrateln, Berhn, 

 4to) gives the following arrangement : — 



A. Attached by the border. 



* Between the two valves no hinge-line. 1. Lingula. 



** At the border of the dorsal valve above the hinge. 



t One valve perforated. 



0. This perforation separated from the hinge-line by a delti- 

 dium. 2. Terebratula (Atrypa, Orthis, Strigocephalus, Uncites, 

 Pentamerus, Magas). 



00. The perforation is triangular, open, of which the base 

 rests on the hinge-line, and the apex reaches to the apex of one 

 valve. 3. DeUhyris (Spirifer, Cyrtia, Gj'pidia). 



tt Neither valve perforated. 



0. A large cardinal area. 4. Calceola. 



00. No cardinal area. 5. Leptcena (Producta, Strophomena). 



B. Attached by the lower side. 



a. Middle of the lower valve perforated for attachment, 

 fi. Orbicula. 



b. Lower valve entire, attached by its whole face. 7. Crania. 



