94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 



Zonal distribution: Canadian. 



Mr. Suksdorf informs me that tlie Abies magnifica Murr. ? of his hst is probably only 

 A. amahilis. 



4. Abies grandis Lindl. Penn. Cvcl. 1: 30. 1833. - White fir. 



Type locality: Not ascertained. 



Range: British Columbia south to northern California, eastward to Montana and the 

 Blue Mountains, Oregon. 



Specimens examined: East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, 

 September 3, 1890; Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, AUen 311; 

 Skagit Pass, Lake d' Hull, August, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, July, 1860; Blue 

 Mountains, Piper, July, 1897. 



Zonal distribution: Transition and Canadian. 



The tree recorded from near Mount Rainier by Plummer as Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry 

 is probably an erroneous identification of a form of A. grandis. 



PSEUDOTSTJGA. 



1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895. 



Red fir. Douglas spruce. 



Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832. 



Abies douglasii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833. 



Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ^d. 256. 1867. 



Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. ScI. 8: 74. 1889. 



Type locality: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon. 



Range: Alaska and British America, latitude 55°, south to southern California, Arizona, 

 and western Texas. 



Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2480; Nisqually Valley, Allen 209; 

 head of Grand Coulee, McKay 23; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 811. 



Zonal distribution: Mainly Humid Transition. 



Tlie commonest tree of the State, making up the bulk of the forest west of the Cascade 

 Mountains and common in eastern Washington in the upper part of the yellow pine zone. 

 For illustration of a red fir forest see Plate VII, facing page 36. 



TSUGA. 



Lowland tree; cones 1 to 2 cm. long 1. T. heterophylla. 



Alpine tree; cones 5 to 7 cm. long 2. T. mertensiana. 



1. Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Silva N. A. 12: 73. 1898. Western hemlock. 

 Abies heterophylla Raf. Atl. Journ. 119. 1832. 



Type locality: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon. 



Range: Alaska to northern California and western Montana. 



Specimens examined: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2482; Cascade Mountains, latitude 

 49°, LyaE; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 710; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896; Chambers Lake, 

 Henderson, August 23, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, September, 1890; Nisqually Valley, 

 Allen 305; Yakima Pass, Watson 384; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 26, 1892. 



Zonal distribution: Humid Transition and Canadian. 



In Cooper's report and other early botanical works this hemlock was referred to the 

 eastern T. canadensis. For illustration of a hemlock forest see Plate XVI, facing page 58. 



2. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ^d. 250. 1867. 



Black hemlock. 

 Pmus ntertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 45. 1832. 

 Abies pattoniami Jeffrey, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon. 1853. 

 Tsuga pattoniana Engelm. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 121. 1880. 

 Tsuga hookeriana Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. ^d. 252. 1867. 

 Type locality: Sitka. 



