PIPER FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 525 



7. Plantago elongata Pursh, FI. 2: 729. 1814. 

 Plantago pusilla Nutt. Gen. 1 : 100. 1818. 

 Type locality: "In Upper Louisiana." 

 Range: Washington to New England and Texas. 

 Specimens examined: White Salmon, Suksdorf 306; Major Creek, SuJcsdorf, May 4, 188(>. 



RUBIACEAE. Madder P'amily. 



Leaves whorled, without stipules Galium (p. 525). 



Leaves opposite, stipulate Kelloggia (p. 527). 



GALIUM. 



Annuals; fruit hispid or hirsute. 



Leaves mostly in 4's; stems erect, smooth 3. G. bifclium. 



Leaves 6 to 8 in each whorl; stems rough on the 

 angles. 



Stems erect or ascending; fruit 2 to 3 mm. 



broad 1. G. vaillantii. 



Stems reclining; fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad 2. G. aparine. 



Perennials. 



Stems wholly herbaceous. 



Leaves 3-nerved in whorls of four. 

 Fruit hispid. 



Leaves oblong-ovate, acutish 4a. G. hamtschaticum oreganum. 



Leaves obovate or orbicular, obtuse. . . 4. G. kamtschaticum. 

 Fruit canescent, becoming smooth; leaves 



linear 5. G. boreale. 



Leaves 1-nerved. 



Whorls containing four, five, or six leaves; 

 fruit smooth. 



Flowers in clusters of three, or solitary- 

 axillary 6. G. trifidum. 



Flowers cymose, numerous 7. G. cymosum. 



Whorls containing six leaves; fruit not 

 smooth. 



Fruit granulate-scabrous 8. G. asperrimum. 



Fruit hispid with hooked hairs 9. G. triflorum. 



Stems suffrutescent. 

 Herbage glabrous. 



Leaves ovate, thick 10. G. mvltifiorum.. 



Leaves oblong, thin 10a. G. multiflorum watsoni. 



Herbage puberulent ; leaves ovate 10b. G. multiflorum puberulum. 



1. GaHum vaillantii DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 263. 1805. 



Galium aparine minor [us] Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833. 

 Galium aparine vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837. 

 Type locality: Near Paris, France. 

 Range: British Columbia to California and Texas. 



Specimens examined: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf \Q59 (?) ; between Coulee City 

 and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3858; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3858. 



2. GaHum aparine L. Sp. PI. 1: 108. 1753. 

 Type locality: European. 



Range: Alaska to Canada, southward to California and Texas. Europe. Asia. 

 Specimens examined: Montesano, Heller 4007; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Peshastin, 



