, a PINACEAE. 



p ip ery brad : cones erect, subcylindrical or ovoid, their orbicular 

 or broader Bcales deciduous from the persistent axis. 



notched al the apex, usually spreading horizontally on 

 the branches; cones green. . a. granats. 



M nol notched al the apex, not horizontally spreading, 



purple. 



Abies grandis Lindl. HV/i/r Ftr. Large tree, sometimes 100 m tall and 

 I m in diameter, with thin, dark gray, rather smooth bark; branches hori- 

 zontal or the lower drooping; leaves linear, obtuse or notched, shining green 

 above marked beneath by two white lines, 18-30 mm. long, usually arranged 

 in two ranks, riving the foliage a flattened appearance; cones cylindnc-oblorig, 



Ki , m long, dark green, more or less covered with drops of resin; scales 

 ler than long, entire; bracts small. In the mountains; especially abundant 

 in the Uluc Mountains. 



Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir. Narrowly conical usually 

 densely branched trees, 20-30 m. high and 20-40 cm. in diameter; bark pale, 

 rather smooth but with large resin blisters; leaves 3-5 cm. long, acute, usually 

 shar] ! : cones narrowly barrel-shaped, usually dark-purple, puberulent, 



5 10 cm. long; bracts usually not exserted. Blue Mountains, at 6000 feet 

 altitude. 



21. PSEUDOTSUGA. 



Very large trees, at first pyramidal and spruce-like, often at 

 lasl more spreading; leaves linear, flat, somewhat two-ranked 

 1>\ a twist at the base; aments from the axils of the leaves of 

 the preceding year; staminate aments in an oblong or cylindrical 

 o 'luinn, surrounded or partly enclosed by numerous, conspicuous, 

 round bud-scales; ovule-bearing aments with the scales much 

 shorter than the broadly linear acutely two-lobed bracts; cones 

 maturing the first year; scales persistent. 



Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Red Fir, Douglas Spruce. Very 



tree, 50 loo m. high, 1-4 m. in diameter; bark thick, reddish within, 



. > rai Iced longitudinally; branches usually short and horizontal; leaves 



linear, obtusish, 20-30 mm. long, narrowed at the base, dark green above, 



tier beneath; staminate aments light brown, oblong-cylindric, 1 cm. long, 



half enclosed in the large bracts; pistillate aments green or purplish; cones 



pendent, cylindric-ovate, 6-10 cm. long, the tridentate bracts conspicuously 



Je. A very common tree. 



Class V. ANGIOSPERMAE. 



( megasporangia) enclosed in a cavity (the ovary) 



med by the infolding and uniting of the margins of 



nodified rudimentary leaf (carpel), or of several such 



joined together, in which the seeds are ripened; 



nas present; cotyledons one or two, very rarely want- 



: perianth present or wanting. 



