176 UMBELLIFERAE. 



Family 65. UMBELLIFERAE. Parsley Family. 



Herbs; stems usually hollow; leaves compound or simple; 

 petioles often dilated at the base; flowers small, in umbels or 

 rarely heads, the umbels often subtended by primary bracts (the 

 involucre); in compound umbels, the secondary rays often sub- 

 tended by secondary bracts (the involucels) ; calyx entirely ad- 

 herent to the ovary; petals and stamens on the calyx-tube; base 

 of the style {stylopodium) often expanded; ovary 2-celled, 2- 

 ovuled; fruit of 2 seed-like dry carpels with contiguous inner 

 surfaces (the commissure), each carpel marked lengthwise with 

 5 primary ribs and often with 4 intermediate secondary ones, in 

 the intervals between which oil-tubes are commonly found; 

 carpels often separating from each other, supported on the sum- 

 mit of a slender axis (the carpophore). Mature fruits are abso- 

 lutely necessary for accurate determinations in this family. 



Flowers in dense heads; fruit scaly. 252. Eryngium, 177. 



Flowers not in heads, evidently in umbels; fruit not 

 scaly. 

 Fruit bristly. 



Bristles covering the whole fruit surface. 253. Sanicula, 177. 



Bristles only on the ribs of the fruit. 



Fruit elongated, linear; bristles appressed. 254. Osmorhiza, 177. 

 Fruit short, ovate; bristles spreading. 255. Caucalis, 178. 



Fruit not bristly. 



Fruit strongly flattened dorsally. 



Plants caulescent and branching and flowers 

 white; stylopodium conical. 

 Wings of the two carpels contiguous; 



leaves ternately compound. 256. Heracleum, 178. 



Wings of the two carpels distinct: 

 leaves ternate-pinnately or pinnately 

 compound. 257. Angelica, 179. 



Plants acaulescent or if caulescent flowers 

 yellow; stylopodium flat or none. 

 Lateral wings thin; plant usually low. 258. Cogswellia, 179. 

 Lateral wings thick; plant tall and 

 stout. 259. Leptotaenia, 181. 



Fruit not dorsally flattened. 



Oil tubes obsolete or obscure. 254. Osmorhiza, 177. 



Oil tubes distinct. 



Oil tube one in each interval. 



Flowers yellow. 261. Zizia, 182. 



Flowers white. 



Leaflets lanceolate or broader. 262. Cicuta, 182. 

 Leaflets linear. 



Stylopodium conical; calyx 



teeth prominent. 263. Carum, 182. 



Stylopodium none; calyx 



teeth obsolete. 264. Leibergia, 183. 



