UMBELLIFERAE. 183 



pinnate, with 3-7 linear leaflets, 5-15 cm. long, the lowermost rarely bipinnate, 

 the upper simple; umbels 6-15-rayed, the rays 2-4 cm. long; involucels linear, 

 acuminate; fruit subglobose, flattened, 1-2 mm. long, with small calyx-teeth. 

 Common in low meadows. Roots edible, a favorite food of the Indians. 



264. LEIBERGIA. 



Slender glabrous acaulescent plants from tubers; leaves ter- 

 nately or pinnately divided into long filiform leaflets; flowers 

 white, in irregular umbels; calyx teeth obsolete; fruit flattened 

 laterally, linear, beaked; carpels with 5 filiform ribs; stylo- 

 podium none; oil tubes small, one in each interval, two on the 

 commissural side. 



Leibergia orogenioides Coult. & Rose. Scapes slender, 10-50 cm. high 

 from a small globose tuber; leaves pinnate with 3-7 leaflets; leaflets linear, 

 1-7 cm. long, acute, entire; rays of the umbel 3-10, unequal, slender, 2-12 cm. 

 long; involucre none; involucels of 3-4 small bractlets; fruit lanceolate, 8 mm. 

 long, terete or somewhat compressed above. Spokane County and adjacent 

 Idaho. An early vernal plant along streams. 



265. BERULA. 



Smooth aquatic perennials, with simply pinnate leaves; in- 

 volucre and involucels of conspicuous narrow bracts; flowers 

 white; calyx-teeth minute; fruit flattened laterally, nearly round, 

 glabrous; carpels nearly globose with slender inconspicuous ribs; 

 stylopodium conical; oil tubes numerous and contiguous, closely 

 surrounding the seed cavity. 



Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville. Stems erect, 20-90 cm. high; leaflets 5-9 

 pairs, linear to oblong or ovate, serrate or incised or somewhat laciniately 

 lobed, 2-8 cm. long; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; fruit barely 2 mm. long. Springy 

 places near Spokane. 



266. LIGUSTICUM. Lovage. 



Smooth perennials from large aromatic roots; leaves usually 

 large, ternately or ternately pinnately compound; flowers white 

 or pinkish in large many rayed umbels; involucre usually none; 

 involucels narrow; calyx teeth small or obsolete; fruit oblong or 

 ovate, flattened laterally, if at all, glabrous; carpel with promi- 

 nent and equal ribs; stylopodium conical; oil tubes 2-6 in the 

 intervals, 6-10 on the commissural side. 



Leaflets large and broad, serrate. L. verlicillalum. 



Leaflets small, pinnatifid. L. leibergi. 



Ligusticum verticillatum (Geyer) Coult. & Rose. Glabrous; stems stout, 

 60-70 cm. high; leaves once or twice ternate, then pinnate; leaflets ovate or 

 oblong, serrate to dentate, paler beneath; umbel unequally many-rayed, the 

 rays in fruit 2.5-7 cm. long; fruit oblong, 6 mm. long, the ribs winged; stylo- 

 podium short-conical. In open woods, Craig Mountains, Idaho. 



