2 78 COMPOSITAE. 



medium or large; ray-flowers yellow, sterile; disk-flowers yellow, 

 brownish or dark-purple; receptacle flat or convex; pappus a pair 

 of early-falling chaffy scales or awns; akenes neither very flat nor 

 winged; ray-akenes laterally compressed; disk-akenes 4-angled, 

 compressed. 



Helianthus annuus L. Annual, the stems rough-hairy, erect, 1-2 m. high 

 or depauperate forms much smaller; leaves alternate, except the lowest, all 

 petioled, 3-ribbed at base, ovate, acute, dentate or entire, very rough on both 

 sides, the lower somewhat cordate, very variable in size; heads 5-15 cm. broad; 

 receptacle flat or depressed; chaff shorter than the flowers, usually 3-cleft; 

 disk dark-colored; akenes pubescent, 5-8 mm. long; pappus of 2 scales. 

 Common in dry meadows in the lower valleys. 



416. GRINDELIA. Gum Plant. 



Biennial or perennial herbs; leaves sessile or partly clasping; 

 heads yellow, medium or rather large, solitary, terminating leafy 

 branches, or occasionally more or less corymbose, many-flowered, 

 gummy; rays fertile, numerous, narrow, or rarely none; in- 

 volucral-scales numerous, narrow; receptacle flat or convex; 

 pappus of 2-8 rigid and early-deciduous awns; style-branches 

 tipped with an appendage; akenes compressed or turgid or the 

 outermost somewhat 3-angled. 



Grindelia nana Nutt. Stems erect, 15-60 cm. high, simple or branched 

 above; basal leaves spatulate, petioled, the upper sessile and partly clasping, 

 entire or serrate, glabrous; heads hemispherical, 10-14 mm. broad; bracts 

 with slender revolute tips, sticky- viscid; rays 16-30, 5-8 cm. long; akenes 

 narrow, somewhat 2-toothed at summit; pappus awns 2 or 3. In thin soils, 

 usually abundant where found. 



417. ERIOPHYLLUM. 



Perennial herbs, sometimes shrubby at base; leaves usually 

 alternate and entire or pinnately or ternately parted or lobed; 

 ray-flowers present, fertile; involucre campanulate or obovoid; 

 bracts erect, commonly united at base, oval or oblong; pappus of 

 nerveless and mostly pointless scales; throat or limb of disk- 

 corollas rather narrow; style-branches truncate or rarely minutely 

 tipped; akenes narrow, mostly 4-angled. 



Akenes glandular. E . multiflorum. 

 Akenes glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves all entire or subentire. E. pedunculatum. 



Leaves mostly cleft or parted. E. lanatum. 



Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb. Much like E. pedunculatum and 

 equally variable; leaves of the flowering stems varying from linear to oblanceo- 

 ntire or 3-lobed at the apex, those of the sterile shoots 5-7-lobed or cleft; 

 akenes glandular, 4 mm. long. Common especially in the sagebrush region. 



