THE HEREDITY OF RICHARD ROE. 145 



Another necessary conclusion is this, that race char- 



icteristics imply direct personal relationship among 



those who exhibit them. The English- 



)rigin of the ^^^^ ^^ to-day are such because they 



.ng IS c arac- ^^^ related by blood. They are the 



variously intermingled descendants of 



ome few robust families of a thousand years ago, a 



lundred thousand of them at the most. " Saxon and 



vTorman and Dane are we." From these families — 



Dane, Norman, and Saxon — the weak, the infertile, and 



he unfortunate are constantly undergoing elimination, 



eaving the strong and fecund to persist. The withered 



)ranches are only kept in existence through misplaced 



:harity which continues the pauper ; or through bad so- 



ial conditions which propagate the criminal. Pauper- 



sm, criminality, and folly have their lineage, but it is 



lOt a long one; and wiser councils will make it shorter 



han it now is. This persistence of the strong shows 



:self in the prevalence of the leading qualities in the 



ominate strains. To these dominant ancestors every 



ne of deviation will be found to lead, when we come to 



ollow it, backward. In following the pedigree of an 



idividual backward for a thousand years, we find that 



lillions of duplications must occur in his ancestry. 



'hat is, thousands of persons would be reached from 



ne to a thousand times each in the following up of 



ifferent ancestral lines. The growth of colonial types 



omes from the narrowing of the range of crossing 



nd from intermarriage with lines not English, which 



ccurs most frequently outside of England. This is 



specially true in the United States. But in a few 



snturies these same conditions will unite to form 



" Brother Jonathan " as definite in qualities and as 



set in his ways" as his ancestor, the traditional 



John Bull." 



