3IO 



FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION. 



be traced back through pauper lineage to dependent 

 classes in the Old World. It takes many generations to 

 found a pauper stock. Misfortune, sickness, intemper- 

 ance, the weakness of old age, often lead to poverty 

 and personal misery. Personal causes do not lead to 

 hereditary pauperism. The essential danger of unre- 

 stricted immigration is not in bringing in an alien popu- 

 lation strange to our language and customs. Language 

 and customs count for little if the blood is good. The 

 children learn our language, even to the forgetting of 

 their own. Love of our country is just as genuine in 

 Norwegian or German dialects as it is in English or 

 Irish. There is little danger either in violent opinions 

 or iconoclastic theories. The red flag of anarchy will 

 not long wave where real oppression does not exist. 



But the immigration of poverty, degradation, and 

 disease make government by the people more and more 

 difficult. Every family of "Jukes" and " Ishmaels " 

 which enter at Castle Garden carries with it the germs 

 of pauperism and crime. They bear the leprosy and 

 crime of the Old World to taint the fields of the New. 

 The " assisted immigration " at Jamestown years ago 

 has left its trail of pauperism and crime from Virginia 

 across Carolina, Kentucky, Indiana, Missouri, even to 

 California, Oregon, and Hawaii. Wherever its blight has 

 gone there are the same inefficient men, sickly women, 

 frowsy children, starved horses, barking cur dogs, care- 

 lessness, vindictiveness, and neglect of decency. 



Withdrawal from the competition of life, withdrawal 

 from self-helpful activity, aided by the voluntary or in- 

 voluntary assistance from others — these factors have 

 made that which McCulloch calls " the tribe of Ish- 

 mael." These conditions bring about the same results 

 in all ages and among all races, among the lower ani- 

 mals as well as among men. The same effects of simi- 



