FORAMINIFERA— HERON-ALLEN AND EARLAND. 35 



information on tlie distribution of pelagic species in the Antarctic seas is niucli 

 wanted and particularly in respect of Glohigerina pachydenna (Ehhg.).' 



Tlie question A\liether Glohigerina jmchyderDia exists in the pelagic state 

 remains still open to doubt. The species was first described by Ehrenberg from 

 1,000 fathoms in Davis Straits. It was recorded in the material from the Austrian 

 Arctic Expedition of 1872-4. and the British Arctic Expedition 1875-6. The 

 " Knight Errant " dredged it in the cold area of the Faroe Chamiel in 1880. 

 All these records are of benthic specimens. Brady, in his report on the Fora- 

 minifera of the cruise of the " Knight Errant " (B. 1882, F.K.E., p. 717) states 

 definitely that no specunens occur in any of the surface mountings, and remarks 

 " that the small northern variety of Glohigerina, which is tolerably abundant as 

 a bottom species in three out of the five localities, should not be an equally 

 prominent constituent of the surface fauna is a noteworthy fact." 



In the "Challenger" Eeport (B. 1884, F.C., p. xiii) Brady went' even farther. 

 Commenting on the bottom distribution of G. jMchyderma in the Faroe Channel, 

 abundant in the " cold " area and more sparingly at one station in the " warm " 

 area, he states that " in the tow-net gatherings G. bulloides was equally plentiful 

 over the cold and warm areas ; but neither there, nor hitherto in any other 

 region, has G. 2Mchyderma been met with at the surface." And in the light of 

 his examination of the tow-net collections of the " Challenger," his subsequent 

 remark under the description of the species {op. cit., p. 600), " I have never 

 succeeded in finding it in the tow-net gatherings, although small examples of 

 the typical G. bulloides are not uncommon amongst the surface organisms of 

 the same areas," crystallises his views on the subject. 



Murray and Eenard in their Report on the Deep-Sea Deposits of the 

 " Challenger," 1891, p. 214, give a list of 21 pelagic Forammifera. It differs in 

 several respects from the list of 20 species given by Brady (B. 1884, F.C., p. x), 

 two species, ChilostovieUa ovoidea, Reuss, and Pulvinulina putagonica (d'Orb.), 

 whicli appear in Brady's list, disappearing and being replaced by three additional 

 species of Glohigerina, viz. : G. digitata, Brady, G. cretacea, d'Orb., and G. 

 duterirei, d'Orb. There is still no suggestion that G. pachyderma (Ehbg.), exists 

 in the pelagic state. 



In 1897 Murray published his paper on Pelagic Foraminifera in which he extends 

 the list of species to 26. Pulvinulina patagonica reappears, and fom- additional 

 species of Glohigerina, mcluding G. j^uc^ydenna. Murray also states that " in the 

 Arctic and Antarctic regions Glohigerina dutertrei and G. pachyderma, together with 

 very minute specunens of Glohigerina bulloides, appear to be the only forms 

 present in the surface waters." 



Just before his death, Murray published his little book on Oceanography, 

 "The Ocean" (London, n.d., [1913]). On page 165, writmg of pelagic Fora- 

 minifera, he states : " Towards the equator more than 20 species may be found 



F 2 



