FORAMTNIFERA— HERON-ALLEN AND EARLAND. 29 



figured (E. 1854, M. xxxv. A. Fig. xxii, 22)* and recorded as " Guttulma? divergens and 

 Grammostomum, 1S44." Slierborn suggests Bulimina, and it is probably referable 

 to that genus, of the B. imjwides type. Ehrenberg also records the same species 

 (on p. 192) from Gulf Erebus and Terror, 63° 40' S., 55° W. (270 fms.).t (2) Rotalia 

 antarctica, and (3) R. erebi. He gives no figures, but from the diagnosis they appear 

 to be starved forms of R. beccarii (Linn.). And then came what Dr. Mill calls 

 " the generation of averted interest." No other exploration of importance, and 

 certainly no collection of inaterial took place in Antarctic waters until the voyage 

 of the •■' Challenger " in 1874, whose " furthest south " was 66° 40' S., 78° 30' E., 

 S. of Kerguelen Island. But the "Challenger" jnade the first sy.stematic series of 

 soundings in the Antarctic, and the statement was made that here the Globigerina 

 ooze (or Red Clay in deeper water) merges into Diatom ooze, and then into 

 terrigenous Blue Mud. (C/. Dr. Harvey Pirie's Map in P. 1913, S.X.A.) 



The principal works dealing with the Foraminifera of our areas are, for the 

 New Zealand area, Chapman 1905, G.B.I; 1909, S.N.Z. ; and Cushman 1919, 

 R.F.N.Z. ; the latter paper being founded merely upon four type-slides, sent to 

 the author by our late friend Mr. R. L. Mestayer, of Wellington, N.Z., containing 

 specimens ixom the " Poor Knight's " Islands (35° 30' S., 174° 43' E.) ; it therefore 

 lacks the authority of Chapman's papers, which were the outcome of research upon 

 ample material. For the Antarctic area, the works available to the student are 

 Pearcey's paper on the Foraminifera of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition, 1902-4 

 (P. 1914, S.N. A.), in which he records 242 species and varieties, and Dr. Harvey 

 Pirie's paper on the Deep Sea Deposits (P. 1913, S.N. A.), which, however, records 

 no species other than those listed in Pearcey's memoir. Our friend Mons. E. 

 Faure-Fremiet has contributed two papers on the French Antarctic Expedition of 

 the " Pourquoi pas ? " (F. 1913 and 1914, F.M.A.F.). M. Faure-Fremiet is an 

 excellent worker, but unforttmately his material must have been very inadequate, 

 for he only records fourteen species. In 1914 Chapman, in the Reports of the 

 Shackleton Expedition (1907-9), contributed two papers, one Geological (C. 1914, 

 E.D.R.S.) on (a) a deposit 20 feet above sea-level N. of the Drygalski Glacier, and 

 (6) another from the slopes of Mt. Erebus, 160 feet above sea-level ; the other, 

 Recent (C. 1914, F.O.R.S.), from soundings in the Ross Sea, in which he records 

 sixty-six species and varieties. 



It is obvious that the material submitted to these authors was very inadequate, 

 but we made, originally, a point of giving references to their papers in the 

 synonymies of all species and varieties recorded by us from the far more extensive 

 material submitted to us for examination. The drastic reduction of synonymies 



* For explanation of the method employed by us, with a view to economy of space, in all our biblio- 

 graphical references, see p. 236. 



I Ehrenberg's figure of G. divergens, PL xxi, fig. 86, is Bolivina dilatata, Ess., a quite different form- 



