passes — practically without the aid of human hands — over the live "rolls" 

 to the gang saw, or to the edgers, through the trimmers, where each piece 

 of lumber is squared and cut to the required length, and thence to the "sort- 

 ing" table, vast improvements have been made in the recent past. 



At the sorting table each dimension is taken off at its proper truck 

 or car, and thus the lumber is sorted into uniform sizes for immediate ship- 

 ment on the railroad, for piling in the yard for air-drying, or for placing in 

 the kilns for quick drying. In this latter process the improvements and 

 labor-saving devices have been too great even to touch upon in a brief 

 article. 



From the dry kilns the finished product is diverted into many channels, 

 as at the match company's plant at Barber, Butte County, where have been 

 erected, and are in process of erection, a planing mill, a box factory, a sash 

 and door factory having a capacity of one thousand doors per day, and a 

 match factory. A pulp mill and other factories are in contemplation. A 

 new feature of the lumbering industry in California introduced by this com- 

 pany is the installation of a fully-equipped foundry, machine and repair 

 shop, where all manner of logging and saw-mill appliances are made and 

 repaired. 



Through the many manufactured products of her abundant forests, 

 California is now securing much advertising; much greater will be this her- 

 alding abroad when matches from California are placed on the market. 

 For there is no article more universally used than the match, and from this 

 small but useful convenience we expect much in the way of making known 

 the resources of our great and glorious State. 



Practical forestry also is now being considered as a factor in scientific 

 lumbering. The "prevention" of fire is the prime consideration, and to this 

 end every precaution is now being taken. 



The latest scientific methods are now being used by one of California's 

 largest lumbering concerns. It has established an observation station on 

 an eminence six thousand feet in elevation, which commands an unob- 

 structed view of its entire tract of timber. This station is connected with 

 a telephone system extending throughout the operating camps. The ob- 

 server at this station is one who is thoroughly familiar with the tract, and 

 who, upon discovering a fire, can locate it at once and thus direct the fire 

 fighters whither to go. This will be appreciated by any who knows how 

 difficult it is to locate, or sometimes even discover, a fire, when surrounded 

 by heavy forest. 



Logging locomotives are now fitted with oil-burning apparatus, and 

 many fires are thus prevented that would otherwise be set by sparks if 

 wood were used. Logging donkeys have close-meshed bonnets on their 

 smoke-stacks, and the engineers, and in fact all employees, are instructed 

 to be at all times careful and watchful for fires. 



Short-cut trails have been constructed, radiating in all directions from 

 the headquarters camp, so that when a fire is reported, it can be reached 

 with the least possible delay. Fire-fighting tools, consisting of heavy 

 iron rakes, long-handled shovels and axes, all painted red for purposes of 

 ready identification, have been distributed to the different camps and stop- 

 ping places along the main wagon roads and trails. Range riders are also 

 employed, whose business it is to see that no depredations are committed 

 by thoughtless persons. 



Eucalyptus as a Hardwood 



By GEORGE O. BREMM 



ALTHOUGH the eucalyptus is a valuable tree when used as a forest 

 cover, as wind breaks, as shade trees, as a source of honey or of oil, 

 or for sanitary purposes, it is as an important commercial wood that 

 it is to be most useful in California. The attention of lumbermen has 

 of late years been drawn to the eucalyptus as a source of supply for 

 hardwood to take the place of the Eastern hickory and oak, the 

 supplies of which are rapidly becoming exhausted. Numerous varieties of 



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