The new comer is often likely to do better than the old timer. He 

 never heard of the Zinfandel grape, and therefore does not have an unalter- 

 able conviction that it is the only wine grape that exists. There are a good 

 many other things he doesn't know about wine grapes, but if he is intel- 

 ligent and wide awake he soon learns a good many things that are 

 difficult for the old timer to acquire. 



He looks around to see what his neighbors are doing, he reads books, 

 he writes letters to the Agricultural Experiment Station, and thus acquires 

 a lot of evidence, sometimes conflicting, that his unprejudiced mind is often 

 more capable of sifting and utilizing than that of his neighbor who has 

 learned to believe that his own particular brew of milk-sour Zinfandel is the 

 only true nectar of the Gods. 



In short the growing of wine grapes in California offers one of the 

 best opportunities for the farmer of modest means to make a comfortable 

 living in the healthiest and most pleasant climate on earth. 



The Citrus Fru it Industry. 



B. A. WOODFORD. 



THE citrus fruit industry in California may properly be divided into 

 separate subjects, the orange and the lemon. 

 The growing of oranges in California dates back nearly, if not 

 quite 100 years, the first orange trees in the State having been planted 

 by the founders of the old missions, there being at the present time 

 some of these trees that are still producing fruit. 

 Commercially, however, the growing of oranges did not assume large 

 proportions until some 25 or 30 years ago when the settling of a large acre- 

 age of trees began. At that time the present Riverside district was opened up 

 and soon came into prominence as an orange growing section on account of 

 the introduction there through the Department of Agriculture at Washington 

 of a variety of orange new to the United States, this orange being a native 

 of Brazil and proving in California to be better adapted to our climate and 

 soil than any other known variety. From its introduction in Riverside in a 

 small way, the Washington Navel has extended to every orange producing 

 section of the State, so that to-day, not only throughout the southern part 

 of California, but in the central and northern parts as well, this orange has 

 become commercially the orange of the State and constitutes at least 75 

 per cent of the entire California crop at the present time. An enormous 

 acreage of this variety was set during the period of years extending from 

 1885 to 1895 and, since the latter date, there has been added from year to 

 year new settings, especially in the Tulare County district. 



The next best known and most important variety of orange grown in 

 the State is the Valencia Late, settings of which were very limited until 

 recent years on account of the uncertainty as to how the consuming public 

 would regard this summer and fall orange, but its triumphs in the markets 

 of the country are now so well known and firmly established that during the 

 last few planting seasons more than 75 per cent of all the new orange 

 acreage set has been of this variety, there being no orange from any section 

 of the globe that is a competitor of the Valencia Late during its season — 

 the hot summer months and early fall. So that the importance of the 

 Valencia Late orange as a California product, will undoubtedly increase 

 from year to year, until the supremacy of the Washington Navel itself, both 

 in popularity and volume of business, may possibly be finally lost to this 

 variety. 



There are numerous other varieties of oranges; Seedlings, Mediterra- 

 nean Sweets, Bloods, Tangerines, etc., which are successfully produced in 

 this State in greater or less degree. 



The total volume of shipments of oranges from the State has increased 

 during the last ten years more than 150 per cent, from some 10,000 cars 

 annually in 1895, to around 27,000 cars in 1905, the money value of the 



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