Xll CONTENTS. 



CHAP. PAGE 



LIV. SPOTTED KNOTWOOD Polygonum. Ochre*. Apeta- 

 lous flowers. An achenium. Other species. The 

 nectar defended from ants The POLYGONACE^E .... 199 

 LV. THE SPURGES Euphorbia. A monandrous flower. A 

 glandular involucre. Poisonous juice. The EUPHOR- 

 BIA CE^E. Tapioca. Caoutchouc ...... 204 



LVI. THE WHITE OAK Quercus. Aments. Wind-fertiliza- 

 tion. Acorns. Germination. History. Straight- 

 veined leaves. The CUPULIFER^E. The value of 



Mast. Oak timber. Nut-galls 207 



LVII. THE WHITE PINE Pinus. Acerous leaves. Triple 

 pollen grains. Biennial fruit. The cone. Naked 



seeds. Root fences. Other species 214 



LVIII. THE HEMLOCK Abies. Excurrent trunk. The CONIF- 

 ERS. Pitted cells. The Douglass Fir. The Giant 



Cedars. Turpentine 218 



LIX. THE PALMETTO Sabal. Tree with one bud. Caudex. 

 The endogenous structure. Other Palms. Germi- 

 nation of the Cocoanut. The PALMACE^E. Date Palm. 



Sago. Vegetable Ivory. Palm oil 223 



LX. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT Arissema. The spadix and spathe. 



Golden Club. Calla. The ARACES. Sweet Flag. ... 229 

 LXI. THE SHOWY ORCHIS An orchidaceous perianth. Gy- 

 nandrous stamens. Pollinia. How fertilized. A 



walking plant 233 



LXII. ORCHIS PSYCHODES. O. orbiculata. Lady's Slipper. The 



ORCHID ACES. Mimicry of insects, birds, etc 237 



LXIII. IRIS, or BLUE FLAG. Ensiform leaves. Pollenization. 



The Fleur-de lis in history 241 



LXIV. BLUE-EYED GRASS Sisyrinchium. The IRIDACES 244 



LXV. THE TRILLIUMS. Net-veined endogens. Wake-robin. 



The Bath-flower. Indian Cucumber. The TRILLIACES. 246 

 LXVI. BELLWORT, or WILD OATS Uvularia. Perfoliate leaves. 



Loculicidal pods. U. sessilifolia, and other species .. 254 

 LXVII. LILY-OF-THE- VALLEY Convallaria. Gamopetalous. Ori- 

 gin of the stem. History. Clintonia. The LILIACES. 254 

 LXVIII. THE STAR-GRASS Hypoxis. Sagittate anthers. Species. 258 

 LXIX. THE SEDGES. GALINGALE Cyperus. The umbels. The 



naked flowers. The spikes. The Rushes. Achenium. 263 

 LXX. THE SEDGES. CAREX. Triangular culm. Monoecious spikes. 



Perigynium. Glume. The CYPEHACES. Papyrus. . . 265 

 LXXI. THE GRASSES. The turf. Culm. Sheath. Licrule. 

 Poa pratensis. Wind-fertilization. Blue Grass. Fowl 



Meadow 271 



LXXII. ORCHARD GRASS Dactylis. Secund panicles. Keeled 



glumes 274 



LXXIII. SWEET VEKNAL GRASS Anthoxanthum. Germination 

 of the Grasses. The order GRAMINES. The cereals. 

 Bamboo. Hay of what grasses made 276 



