SUBKIKGDOM ARTICULATA. 



the two sexes pairing, eggs for the next generation are laid, 

 and the parents die.* 



FOUR, MEMBRANOUS. 



FOUR, SCALY 



TWO, IN SOME SPECIES WANTING. 



FOUR, TWO HORNY AND TWO MEMBRANOUS. 



FOUR GENERALLY, SPARSELY VEINED. 



FOUR, ANTERIOR THICKENED, STRAIGHT. 



FOUR, NET-VEINED, POSTERIOR GENERALLY 

 LARGEST 



Hymenoptera, Bee, Wasp, etc. 

 Lepidoptera, Butterfly, MoOi, etc 



Diptera, 

 Coleoptera, 

 Hemiptera, 

 Orthoptera, 



Fly, Mosquito, etc. 



e, etc. 

 Cicada, etc. 

 Grasshopper, etc. 



\ Neuroptera, Dragon-fly, etc. 



ORDER HYMENOPTERA. 



General Characteristics. The Hymenopters (mem- 

 brane-winged) have the wings coarsely veined and the ante- 

 rior pair hooked to the posterior in flight. The females 

 have stings, or ovipositors, and the social instinct is highly 

 developed. 



Apidae. Honey-lees are of three sorts queens (females), 

 drones (males), and workers (imperfectly-developed females). 



Fig. 353. 



Fig. 35k. 



Fig. 855. 



Drone. 



Worker. 



In each swarm is one queen, which lays the eggs in three 

 broods : the first producing workers ; the second, drones ; 

 and the third, queens. The drones are the idlers, and are 

 killed by the workers after the pairing season. The workers 

 are the laborers ; some being wax-producers ; others, builders ; 

 and others, nurses. Honey, wax, and the cement used by 



* Although the majority pass through this complete transformation, some are 

 distinguished from the larval state by wings, while others undergo no change 

 except in size from the egg to maturity. 



