V ' MR. GLADSTONE AND GENESIS 173 



I must venture to demur to this statement. 

 I showed, in my previous paper, that there is 

 no reason to doubt that the term "great sea 

 monster " (used in Gen. i. 21) includes the most 

 conspicuous of great sea animals namely, whales, 

 dolphins, porpoises, manatees, and dugongs; l and, 

 as these are indubitable niammals, it is impossible 

 to affirm that mammals come after birds, which 

 are said to have been created on the same day. 

 Moreover, I pointed out that as these Cetacea 

 and Sirenia are certainly modified land animals, 

 their existence implies the antecedent exist- 

 ence of land mammals. 



Furthermore, I have to remark that the term 

 " fishes," as used, technically, in zoology, by no 

 means covers all the moving creatures that 

 have life, which are bidden to " fill the waters 

 in the seas" (Gen. i. 20-22.) Marine mollusks 

 and Crustacea, echinoderms, corals, and forami- 

 nifera are not technically fishes. But they are 

 abundant in the palaeozoic rocks, ages upon 

 ages older than those in which the first evi- 

 dences of true fishes appear. And if, in a 

 geological book, Mr. Gladstone finds the quite 

 true statement that plants appeared before fishes, 

 it is only by a complete misunderstanding that 

 he can be led to imagine it serves his purpose. 



1 Both dolphins and dugongs occur in the Red Sea, porpoises 

 and dolphins in the Mediterranean; so that the "Mosaic 

 writer " may well have been acquainted with them. 



