184 MR. GLADSTONE AND GENESIS v 



a primordial matter which is at the same time the universal 

 support of things. This substance is endowed with a generative 

 or transmutative force by virtue of which it passes into a 

 succession of forms. They thus resemble modern evolutionists, 

 since they regard the world, with its infinite variety of forms, as 

 issuing from a simple mode of matter. 



Further on, Mr. Sully remarks that " Heraclitus 

 deserves a prominent place in the history of the 

 idea of evolution/' and he states, with perfect 

 justice, that Heraclitus has foreshadowed some of 

 the special peculiarities of Mr. Darwin's views. It 

 is indeed a very strange circumstance that the 

 philosophy of the great Ephesian more than adum- 

 brates the two doctrines which have played leading 

 parts, the one in the development of Christian 

 dogma, the other in that of natural science. The 

 former is the conception of the Word (Xoyo?) 

 which took its Jewish shape in Alexandria, and 

 its Christian form 1 in that Gospel which is usually 

 referred to an Ephesian source of some five 

 centuries later date ; and the latter is that of the 

 struggle for existence. The saying that " strife is 

 father and king of all " (770X6/^09 Travrutv fiev irarrjp 

 ecrn, irdvTwv Se /3acuXeu9), ascribed to Heraclitus, 

 would be a not inappropriate motto for the " Origin 

 of Species." 



I have referred only to Mr. Sully's article, 



because his authority is quite sufficient for my 



purpose. But the consultation of any of the more 



elaborate histories of Greek philosophy, such as 



1 See Heinze, Die Lehre wm Logos, p. 9 e t seq. 



