X KEEPERS OF THE HERD OF SWINE 383 



given to the passages of Josephus, by the im- 

 proved interpretation of which, Mr. Gladstone 

 has thus contrived to satisfy himself of the thing 

 which is not. One of these is " Antiquities " XVII, 

 xiii. 4, in which section, I regret to say, I can find 

 no mention of Gadara. In " Antiquities," XVII. xi. 

 4, however, there is a passage which would appear 

 to be that which Mr. Gladstone means ; and I will 

 give it in full, although I have already cited part 

 of it : 



There were also certain of the cities which paid tribute to 

 Archelaus ; Strato's tower, and Sebaste, with Joppa and Jeru- 

 salem ; for, as to Gaza, Gadara, and Hippos, they were Grecian 

 cities, which Caesar separated from his government, and added 

 them to the province of Syria. 



That is to say, Augustus simply restored the state 

 of things which existed before he gave Gadara, 

 then certainly a Gentile city, lying outside Judaea, 

 to Herod as a mark of great personal favour. Yet 

 Mr. Gladstone can gravely tell those who are not 

 in a position to check his statements : 



The sense seems to be, not that these cities were inhabited by 

 a Greek population, but that they had politically been taken out 

 of Judaea and added to Syria, which I presume was classified as 

 simply Hellenic, a portion of the great Greek empire erected by 

 Alexander. (Pp. 295-6.) 



Mr. Gladstone's next reference is to the " Wars/' 

 III. vii. 1 : 



So Vespasian marched to the city Gadara, and took it upon 

 the first onset, because he foun 1 it destitute of a considerable 

 140 



