100 MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS n 



Man is longer in the legs than the Gorilla, so that 

 it contains within itself the extremest deviations 

 from the average length of both pairs of limbs. 1 



The Mandrill presents a middle condition, the 

 arms and legs being nearly equal in length, and 

 both being shorter than the spinal column ; while 

 hand and foot have nearly the same proportions 

 to one another and to the spine, as in Man. 



In the Spider monkey (Ateles) the leg is longer 

 than the spine, and the arm than the leg; and, 

 finally, in that remarkable Lemurine form, the 

 Indri (Lichanotus), the leg is about as long as the 

 spinal column, while the arm is not more than \\ 

 of its length ; the hand having rather less and the 

 foot rather more, than one third the length of the 

 spinal column. 



These examples might be greatly multiplied, 

 but they suffice to show that, in whatever pro- 

 portion of its limbs the Gorilla differs from Man, 

 the other Apes depart still more widely from the 

 Gorilla and that, consequently, such differences of 

 proportion can have no ordinal value. 



We may next consider the differences presented 

 by the trunk, consisting of the vertebral column. 

 or backbone, and the ribs and pelvis, or bony hip-- 

 basin, which are connected with it, in Man and in 

 the Gorilla respectively. 



1 See the figures of the skeletons of four anthropoid apes and 

 uf man. drawn to scale, p. 76. 



