II GORILLA AND OTHER APES 103 



acter of its curves, especially in the slighter 

 convexity of the lumbar region. Nevertheless, 

 the curves are present, and are quite obvious in 

 young skeletons of the Gorilla and Chimpanzee 

 which Lave been prepared without removal of the 

 ligaments. In young Orangs similarly preserved 

 on the other hand, the spinal column is either 

 straight, or even concave forwards, throughout the 

 lumbar region. 



Whether we take these characters then, or such 

 minor ones as those which are derivable from 

 the proportional length of the spines of the 

 cervical vertebrae, and the like, there is no doubt 

 whatsoever as to the marked difference between 

 Man and the Gorilla; but there is as little, 

 that equally marked differences, of the very same 

 order, obtain between the Gorilla and the lower 

 Apes. 



The Pelvis, or bony girdle of the hips, of Man 

 is a strikingly human part of his organisation ; the 

 expanded haunch bones affording support for his 

 viscera during his habitually erect posture, and 

 giving space for the attachment of the great 

 muscles which enable him to assume and to pre- 

 serve that attitude. In these respects the pelvis 

 of the Gorilla differs very considerably from his 

 (Fig. 16). But go no lower than the Gibbon, and 

 see how vastly more he differs from the Gorilla 

 than the latter does from Man, even in this struc- 

 ture. Look at the flat, narrow haunch bones the 



