162 HUMAN FOSSILS III 



cranium has belonged to a person of limited intellectual faculties, 

 and we conclude thence that it belonged to a man of a low degree 

 of civilization : a deduction which is borne out by contrasting 

 the capacity of the frontal with that of the occipital region. 



" Another cranium of a young individual was discovered in the 

 floor of the cavern beside the tooth of an elephant ; the skull 

 was entire when found, but the moment it was lifted it fell into 

 pieces, which I have not, as yet, been able to put together again. 

 But I have represented the bones of the upper jaw, Plate I, Fig. 

 5. The state of the alveoli and the teeth, shows that the molars 

 had not yet pierced the gum. Detached milk molars and some 

 fragments of a human skull, proceed from this same place. The 

 figure 3 represents a human superior incisor tooth, the size of 

 which is truly remarkable. 1 



" Figure 4 is a fragment of a superior maxillary bone, the 

 molar teeth of which are worn down to the roots. 



" I possess two vertebrae, a first and last dorsal. 



"A clavicle of the left side (see Plate III, Fig. 1) ; although 

 it belonged to a young individual, this bone shows that he must 

 have been of great stature. 2 



" Two fragments of the radius, badly preserved, do not indicate 

 that the height of the man, to whom they belonged, exceeded 

 five feet and a half. 



" As to the remains of the upper extremities, those which 

 are in my possession consist merely of a fragment of an ulna and 

 of a radius (Plate III, Figs. 5 and 6). 



" Figure 2, Plate IV., represents a metacarpal bone, contained 

 in the breccia, of which we have spoken ; it was found in the 

 lower part above the cranium : add to this some metacarpal 

 bones, found at very different distances, half-a-dozen metatarsals, 

 three phalanges of the hand, and one of the foot. 



1 In a subsequent passage, Schmerling remarks upon the oc- 

 currence of an incisor tooth " of enormous size " from the caverns 

 of Engihonl. The tooth figured is somewhat long, but its dimen- 

 sions do not appear to me to be otherwise remarkable. 



a The figure of this clavicle measures 5 inches from end to 

 end in a straight line so that the bone is rather a small than a 

 large one. 



