178 HUMAN FOSSILS III 



corresponds to a capacity of 1033 '24 cubic centimetres. Huschke 

 estimates the cranial contents of a Negress at 1127 cubic centi- 

 metres ; of an old Negro at 1146 cubic centimetres. The 

 capacity of the Malay skulls, estimated by water, equalled 36, 

 33 ounces, whilst in the diminutive Hindoos it falls to as little 

 as 27 ounces." 



After comparing the Neanderthal cranium with 

 many others, ancient and modern, Professor 

 Schaaffhausen concludes thus : 



"But the human bones and cranium from the Neanderthal 

 exceed all the rest in those peculiarities of conformation which 

 lead to the conclusion of their belonging to a barbarous and 

 savage race. Whether the cavern in which they were found, 

 unaccompanied with any trace of human art, were the place of 

 their interment, or whether, like the bones of extinct animals 

 elsewhere, they had been washed into it, they may still be re- 

 garded as the most ancient memorial of the early inhabitants of 

 Europe." 



Mr. Busk, the translator of Dr. Schaaffhausen's 

 paper, has enabled us to form a very vivid con- 

 ception of the degraded character of the Nean- 

 derthal skull, by p]acing side by side with its out- 

 line, that of the skull of a Chimpanzee, drawn to 

 the same absolute size. 



Some time after the publication of the trans- 

 lation of Professor Schaaffhausen's Memoir, I was 

 led to study the cast of the Neanderthal cranium 

 with more attention than I had previously 

 bestowed upon it, in consequence of wishing to 

 supply Sir Charles Lyell with a diagram, exhibiting 

 the special peculiarities of this skull, as compared 



