182 HUMAN FOSSILS HI 



view of the skull, and from it Fig. 25 A has been 

 shaded. The second (Fig. 26 A) exhibits the 

 wide openings of the frontal sinuses upon the 

 inferior surface of the frontal part of the skull, 

 into which, Dr. Fuhlrott writes, " a probe may be 

 introduced to the depth of an inch," and demon- 

 strates the great extension of the thickened 

 supraciliary ridges beyond the cerebral cavity. 

 The third, lastly (Fig. 26 B), exhibits the edge 

 and the interior of the posterior, or occipital, part 

 of the skull, and shows very clearly the two 

 depressions for the lateral sinuses, sweeping 

 inwards towards the middle line of the roof of the 

 skull, to form the longitudinal sinus. It was clear, 

 therefore, that I had not erred in my interpre- 

 tation, and that the posterior lobe of the brain of 

 the Neanderthal man must have been as much 

 flattened as I suspected it to be. 



In truth, the Neanderthal cranium has most 

 extraordinary characters. It has an extreme 

 length of 8 inches, while its breadth is only 5*75 

 inches, or, in other words, its length is to its 

 breadth as 100 : 72. It is exceedingly depressed, 

 measuring only about 3'4 inches from the glabello- 

 occipital line to the vertex. The longitudinal arc, 

 measured in the same way as in the Engis skull, 

 is 12 inches; the transverse arc cannot be exactly 

 ascertained, in consequence of the absence of the 

 temporal bones, but was probably about the same, 

 and certainly exceeded 10 J inches. The bori 



