188 HUMAN FOSSILS HI 



and to be, so far, more ape-like than that of 

 ordinary Europeans, are we justified in concluding 

 a like condition of the brain to prevail universally 

 among the lower races of mankind, however 

 probable that conclusion may be. 



We are, in fact, sadly wanting in information 

 respecting the disposition of the soft and de- 

 structible organs of every Race of Mankind but 

 our own ; and even of the skeleton, our Museums 

 are lamentably deficient in every part but the 

 cranium. Skulls enough there are, and since the 

 time when Blumenbach and Camper first called 

 attention to the marked and singular differences 

 which they exhibit, skull collecting and skull 

 measuring has been a zealously pursued branch of 

 Natural History, and the results obtained have 

 been arranged and classified by various writers, 

 among whom the late active and able Retzius 

 must always be the first named. 



Human skulls have been found to differ from 

 one another, not merely in their absolute size and 

 in the absolute capacity of the brain case, but in 

 the proportions which the diameters of the latter 

 bear to one another; in the relative size of 

 the bones of the face (and more particularly 

 of the jaws and teeth) as compared with those of 

 the skull ; in the degree to which the upper jaw 

 (which is of course followed by the lower) is thrown 

 backwards and downwards under the forepart of 

 the brain case, or forwards and upwards in front of 



